m TEE 




^ 3L S ■» ii 




Class. 



77^0 



Book . C ? M^. 




Final Report 



ofth 



M 


issouri Counci 




of 




Defense 




/ -, 
/ ^ 



-The 


supreme 


authority 


of the Comm 


on- 


Wealth in relation 


to the State s duty to 


the 


Nation 


during 


the entire 


period of 


the 


War." 










— 


-Gov, Frederick 


D. Gardn 


er. 



> 



JUL 



H 



19t9 



"THE COMMON CAUSE'^ 

YOUR State, in extending its National Defense organization by the 
creation of community councils, is in my opinion making an ad- 
vance of vital significance. It will, I believe, result, when thoroughly 
carried out, in welding the Nation together as no Nation of great size 
has ever been welded before. It will build up from the bottom in under- 
standing and sympathy and unity of purpose and effort, which will no 
doubt have an immediate and decisive effect upon our great undertaking. 
You will find, I think, not so much a new task as a unification of existing 
efforts, a fusion of energies now too much scattered and at times some- 
what confused into one harmonious and effective power. 

It is only by extending your organization to small communities 
that every citizen of the State can be reached and touched with the 
inspiration of the common cause. The school has been suggested as an 
apt, though not essential, center for your local council. It symbolizes 
one of the first fruits of such an organization, namely, the spreading of 
the realization of the great truth that it-is e^ch one of us as an individual 
citizen upon whom rests the ultimate responsibility. Through this 
great new organization we will express with added emphasis our will to 
win and our confidence in the utter righteousness of our purpose. 

— WOODROW WILSON. 



AT the beginning of the organization of these Councils, I made it 
understood that every State department was to co-ordinate with 
the State Council in the war work, and the result is a defense organ- 
ization which is not excelled in any State of this country. This is not 
because we have built up in the counties, in the townships and in the 
school districts an organization which merely runs beautifully, but, 
through the organization we have been able to concentrate the patriotism 
of the three and a half million people of Missouri in patriotic effort. 
Without the defense organization, while the patriotic spirit would 
have been there, still it would have been quiescent or dissipated, and 
without channels to express its real effectiveness. 

—GOV. FREDERICK D. GARDNER. 



MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL 



Honorary President, FREDERICK D. GARDNER 
Governor of Missouri 



W. F. Saunders, Secretary. 

F. M. Robinson, Secretary. 

C. W. Armour, Kansas City 
*J. T. Bird, Kansas City 
Rev. W. C. Bitting, St. Louis 
George Warren Brown, St. Louis 

B. F. Bush, St. Louis 
Mrs. B. F. Bush, St. Louis 
Paul \V. Brown, St. Louis 
Thornton Cooke, Kansas City 
James Cowgill, Kansas City 

C. H. Daues, St. Louis 
Walter S. Dickey, Kansas City 
I. B. Dunlap, Kansas City 

G. H. Edwards, Kansas City 
C. F. Enright, Jefferson City 
Fred W. Fleming, Kansas City 
John H. Galeener, Sikeston 

L. C. Hamilton, St. Joseph 
John T. Heard, Sedalia 
Archbishop J. J. Glennon, St. Louis 
W. T. Kemper, Kansas City 
Henry W. Kiel, St. Louis 
William H. Lee, St. Louis 
R. A. Long, Kansas City 
Frank W. McAllister, Jefferson City 
James H. McCord, Jefferson City 



F. B. MuMFORD, Chairman, Columbia, 
Dean, College of Agriculture. 

Hugh Mclndoe, Joplin 
E. E. E. Mcjimsey, Springfield 
Elliott Marshall, St. Joseph 
John F. Morton, Richmond 
*Joshua Motter, St. Joseph 
E. D. Nims, St. Louis 
R. B. Oliver, Cape Girardeau 
J. F. Osborne, Joplin 
C. O. Raine, Canton 
Walter Robertson, Marshall 
Sidney J. Roy, Hannibal 
S. R. Schmutz, Mayview 
John ScuUin, St. Louis 
Lee Shelton, Kennett 
E. W. Solomon, Bernie 
David Sommers, St. Louis 
Cecil W. Thomas, Jefferson City 
Cyrus P. Walbridge, St. Louis 
W. W. Wheeler, St. Joseph 
Edwards Whitaker, St. Louis 
J. C. Whitsell, St. Joseph 
M. L. Wilkinson, St. Louis 
Robert S. Withers, Liberty 
R. T. Wood, vSpringfield 
Huston Wyeth, St. Joseph 



Robert A. Glenn, 
Acting Secretary, Jefferson City 



*Deceased. 



MISSOURI LEADS 

FOOD INCREASE 




^•^v■j 



Results of 1917 






MISSOURI RISES 
IN RANK 

1916 Val»iall crops S26I 269.000 

1917 VaUilltrgps $46.036 000 

1916 Bank I4lh 

1917 Rank Sih 




What for 1918 



THE FARMERS 
PATRIOTISM 

<1 The Missouri (armers ore 
I., he cunKralrilaleil ..n Ihis 
i;reat achievemeni or 10171 
•jWhat for 1018 y 
<jrhe need is grealer! The 

ralK a^rain More atreape 
and erealer yields is the 



ARt WE B.ACK OF THE BOYS AT THE PRONT? 



YES!!! 

now MISSOURI RESPONDED TO THE CALL FOR FOOD 



OATS RYE 



illiU 



Ly 



BUCKWHEAT SOROHl.M- MOLASSES 



■ I . L 



VEET WITATOES 



LlinJL 



VAR GARDENS 



i^ I9I7B 



1 



CORN 



WHEAT 



POTATOES 



1916 



1917 



1917 



1918 



'^■.r^ ^Z ■ WHEAT \ 

f WHEW I ESTinATEl 






48,225.000 
_| BUSHEIS I 



1916 



1917 



\ BUSHELS I ,J 



6.775. OOP ACRESJ JI 7.2OQO00 ACRES [ ^ 1,800 .000 AC RES p f2.a7S. OO P ACRES[ \ 9 1 ,0OO A CRES ^j 109, OOP ACRES 
WAR INCREASE OF 91 Per Cent WAR INCREASE OF 41 Per Cent WAR INCREASE OF 74 Per Cent 



The Missouri Council ul Defense. intludinR the Moo Counlv and li. unship Coun..ils of Dcfenst.co-operatini: with Ihe College of 
Ajn-ieulture. the Slate Board .4 Agriculture, the Missouri Bankers' A>soi;iation. Chambers of Commerce, (-arm Bureaus. Iirani:es. 
l-armers Anions, f^armers Cluhs. County School Superintendents, Cit.N. Rural and Acricultural Newspapers and mam other 
palriolK agencies, ALL WIlRklNQ TOUETMER. helped in producing this great crop. 



MISSOURI COUNCIL of DEFENSE 



. 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Report of the Missouri Council of Defense 



To His Excellency, Honorable Frederick D. Gardner, 
Governor of Missouri. 

SIR: 

I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the activities of the Missouri 
Council of Defense for the period beginning from its creation, April 24, 1917, to its 
final official dissolution on January 31, 1919. This report is not intended to be a 
complete and extensive statement of all the services rendered by the Council 
throughout its existence but is necessarily limited to a brief statement of the more 
important activities for which the Council was responsible. 

The greatest single achievement of the Missouri Council of Defense has been 
in the direction of maintaining the morale and strengthening the will of the people 
of our commonwealth in their devotion to the nation and their determination to win 
the war. This accomplishment was the indirect result of the many projects promoted 
through the organization. 

As we look back now upon the record of the nearly two years of the existence of 
this organization it becomes more and more apparent that the two great outstanding 
and immeasurable results of the work initiated by this organization were first, the 
development of a state-wide organization through which the Council could function; 
and second, the increased production campaign which resulted in a greater percentage 
and per capita production in Missouri than probably any other single State in the 
Union. 

The plan of organization included first the appointment of a County Council of 
Defense and later the appointment of township councils of defense, all of these 
organizations co-operating with and working under the direction of the State Council. 
When the Council finally dissolved there were more than 12,000 patriotic citizens, 
men and women of Missouri, reaching to every county, every township and every 
hamlet, all eager and anxious to render some service that should be a distinct con- 
tribution toward winning the war. Missouri was one of the first states in the United 
States to organize a State Council and the Missouri Council of Defense was one of 
the first to inaugurate the plan of organizing County and Township Councils. The 
wisdom of this early decision to perfect a complete and thorough-going organization 
has manifested itself on every occasion throughout the period of the war. 



One 



MIvSSOlTRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The increased production campaign was of such a notable character that it is 
worthy of special mention since it not only accomplished a tremendous increase in 
the great staple food products of Missouri but is typical of the uniform policy of the 
Council in projecting all of its activities during the entire war. In the increased 
production campaign, as in all other similar activities, it was the policy of the Council 
of Defense to co-ordinate the existing State agencies and to work through the State 
departments, boards, commissions and institutions rather than to undertake 
independently a campaign which would result only in duplication, waste and confusion. 

In every activity we have found all the State departments, commissions, boards 
and institutions prepared to co-operate to the fullest extent and the Council cannot 
speak in too high terms of the splendid patriotism of all the officials of the State 
during the great war. 

The indirect results of the growth of patriotic fervor due to the numerous activities 
of the Council cannot be described nor adequately measured in a report of this kind, 
but it is not too much to say that the magnificent record of Missouri and her uniform 
patriotic response to every call made upon her by the nation was in no small measure 
directly traceable to the work of this Council. 

It is a matter of the greatest satisfaction that in all of our plans we have had the 
fullest and most complete co-operation of yourself. The Chairman desires to express 
here his sincere appreciation of the valuable advice and counsel and the patience and 
wisdom with which you have given consideration to the alTairs of the Council. 

Respectfully submitted, 

F. B. MUMFORD, 

Chairman. 



Two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The Missouri Council of Defense 



History of Its Organization 

The Missouri Council of Defense, as a part of the Council of Defense system 
throughout the nation, came into existence with a swiftness that marked the events 
of the early days of the war. 

On April 2nd, 1917, the National Congress assembled in special session and was 
addressed by the President, who asked Congress to declare war. On April 4th the 
United States Senate adopted a war resolution which was adopted April 6th by the 
National House of Representatives. On the same day the President issued the 
proclamation of war with Germany. On April 9th the Secretary of War addressed a 
letter to the various Governors asking for the establishment of State Councils of 
Defense. 

On April 12th, Governor Gardner issued a proclamation inviting representatives 
from every walk of life and business to meet with the State Board of Agriculture in 
the New Capitol Building on Monday, April 23rd, 1917, at ten o'clock, to hold a War 
Conference and mobilize the resources of every kind of Missouri to aid the National 
Government in the conduct of the defense of the country. 

This Conference was called to order promptly on the above date by Mr. Philander 
P. Lewis, President, State Board of Agriculture, and addressed by Governor Gardner, 
who spoke in part as follows: 

"As Chief Executive of this State, I now wish to repeat that which I have formerly 
said, that so far as the people of Missouri are concerned, from North to South, from 
East to West, we stand, regardless of race, creed or color, united and inseparable- 
one and all for our nation and our flag forever." 



"This Nation has been anxious to maintain friendly relations with the German 
government. We have not been unmindful of the historic friendship of the two 
peoples. We have not been unmindful of the fact that millions of our best citizens— 
your friends and my friends — are of German name and descent. We have not been 
unmindful of the fact that family ties are interwoven and sacred as between these two 
nations. But the German government as at present constituted does not represent 
the German people; but in view of the fact that it is the only authority with which 
this Nation may negotiate; and in view of their wanton disregard of our rights, the 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



murder of our women and children, their refusal to permit us to travel the seas in 
peace, there was nothing left for this Nation and our people to do but to defend our 
honor and our inalienable rights, if it requires the last man, to establish the 
principles for which we stand. And now that the die has been cast, there is only- 
one course to pursue, and that is the course that will drive the ruler and the 
government, which have so llagrantly misrepresented the German people, from 
their position of power, that the German people themselves may see the triumph 
of democracy, and enjoy peace forever." 



Look, if you will, from the dome of this great building, across the millions of 
acres of the finest farm lands over which the eagle has ever spread his wings. Look 
again, and you will see the man: There is the patriot; there he stands, the farmer, 
the golden sheaf of wheat in one hand and the Stars and Stripes in the other. Beside 
him stands the boy, holding aloft an ear of Missouri corn; and wrapped about the 
corn, to signify his undying patriotism, the Red, White and Blue. And there is the 
Missouri farm house; the mother in the doorway; the daughter by her side, both 
ready, if the country calls, to see the father and the son go to defend the nation's 
honor. Was ever a Florence Nightingale at the battle of Balaklava more tender 
than the farmer girl, if the nation needed her services to care for the wounded and 
dying? 

"And cotton is still king! There lie to the vSoutheast, the great fields of Missouri. 
And there lie twenty million acres of virgin tillable soil, capable of supporting two 
million people. 

"And there are the Ozarks, the great dairy and poultry section; sheep and cattle 
ranges; and the fruit garden of America. Even now, on this glorious April day, we 
can scent from afar, the perfume which seems to fill the air; it comes from the millions 
of peach, pear and apple blossoms of that wonderful country. 

"There are the wonderful mines of Missouri — untold wealth locked up in her 
mines of zinc, lead and other minerals; and these metals, moulded into shot and shell, 
could supply an army of thousands of men for years to come. And Missouri's coal 
mines could furnish coal to light the fires of every furnace in this great nation for 325 
years to come. 

"At another glance we see the millions of acres of virgin forests. The thousand 
ships, which the President wants, will be built from timbers from Missouri forests, 
and hardly enough will be removed to show from whence they have been taken. 

' 'And this great river at our feet, to carry war supplies to the ocean for the nation. 



M ISSOITRI COl'XCIL OF DEFENSE 



"This, then is New Missouri. This is the mobilized State. This the State of 
one people, one sentiment, and one flag; ready to co-operate; ready to sacrifice; ready 
tosulTer. How proud we should be to be called "Missourians!" What an opportunity 
for you and for me, and for every man, woman and child in the State, to be of some 
service to the nation! 

Missouri Council of Defense — "In order that the State of Missouri may render 
the greatest service to the Federal Government and make effective all the activities 
of the vState enlisted in the national service, I recommend the creation of a State 
Council of Defense." 

At the conclusion of the Governor's address, the Chairman appointed the follow- 
ing Committees: 

Committee on Permanent Organization, 

T. J. HEDRICK, Jackson County, .Chairman. 

Committee on Resolution, 

F. B. MUMFORD, Dean, Missouri College of Agriculture, 
Columbia, Chairman. 

The Conference adjourned at twelve o'clock noon to reconvene at one-thirty P. M. 

Awaiting the report of the Committees, many patriotic addresses were made, 
the theme commonly expressed being that Missouri's greatest field of assistance to 
the nation was in increasing her food production. 

The Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, Dean F. B. Mumford, presented 
the following report, which was unanimously adopted. 

"In the war upon which America has entered, the agriculture of this country will 
be put to the supreme test. Already the nations of the world which are engaged in 
the great struggle may be facing a world-wide famine. The success or failure in this 
war will be determined by the ultimate food supply. 

The World's Food Reserves Are Low — The outlook for even a normal wheat crop 
this year is unfavorable. In 1915, America produced ten bushels of wheat per capita; 
in 1916 six bushels, consuming fi^ at home and exporting 2h bushels. The wheat 
estimates for 1917 are only 63 per cent of a normal crop and the latest reports are that 
a similar condition exists throughout the world. In Missouri the estimated produc- 
tion is only 59 per cent of normal. The number of cattle and hogs now on feed in 
this state is but 55 per cent of the number on feed one year ago. 

Gardens — We urge the cultivation of every available lot or plot of ground, and 
its use for the growing of vegetables and garden truck. We approve the enlistment 
of the public schools and public school pupils for this purpose. We commend the 



Five 



MISvSOlTRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



organization of boys and girls into garden, canning and poultry clubs, under the joint 
direction of the Extension vService of the College of Agriculture and the public school 
authorities. We join in urging the planting of beans, potatoes, tomatoes, chard, sweet 
potatoes, beets, and such other vegetables as will materially add to the food elements 
necessary to human life. 

Universal Service — We approve the principle of universal selective service, that 
the army and navy may have men, the industries workers, and the farms the labor 
necessary for maximum production and to that end this conference strongly endorses 
the administration bill providing for a 'selective draft, universal military service,' 
and we urgently recjuest our Senators and Representatives in the National Congress 
to use their best efforts and cast their vote in behalf of this measure and the secretary 
is instructed to send a copy of this resolution to each member of the Missouri Dele- 
gation in the National Congress. 

Federal Regulations — We urge the adoption by Congress of the recommendation 
of the Secretary of Agriculture which would grant to him under proper restrictions 
and at the proper time the power to fix minimum and maximum prices of food stuffs, 
to regulate all agencies of distribution, and to prohibit speculations in food products. 
We especially approve of Secretary Houston's recommendation for an appropriation 
by Congress of $25,000,000 for making a food sur'"ey, increasing food production, 
enlargement of the co-operative demonstration forces and such other activities as 
may be deemed necessary for the national defense. 

Prevent Waste — We appeal to all the people of Missouri to eliminate every source 
of waste in the home, that while every effort is being made to increase production 
so as to prevent suffering, no food stuffs shall be uselessly taken from the world's 
supply. And to that end we are in hearty sympathy and full accord with every 
movement and effort of the Federal authorities to place an effective ban on the use 
of corn and all other foodstuffs for the manufacture of intoxicating drinks during 
the continuation of the present war in which the United States is engaged. 

Co-operation — Every organization and individual in Missouri is invited to lend 
assistance to the agencies already at work, rather than to form new bodies having 
the same purposes in view. All present agencies should be subject to the general 
supervision of the Missouri Council of Defense. The most effective work can be 
accomplished by the active co-operation of local bankers, commercial clubs, and 
other bodies with the State Council of Defense, and with county boys and girls 
clubs, public schools, county farm bureaus, or other agencies which it may suggest 
or approve. We suggest the formation of local companies of able bodied boys under 
military age that, at the call of the State Council of Defense, they may be ready for 



Six 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



semi-military assignment to such work as may be necessary to secure maximum 
production of food products. 

The Farmer at Work — The Missouri farmer has already demonstrated his 
patriotism by exerting unusual effort to help meet the food and feed emergency and 
is deserving of the active co-operation of all the financial and commercial interests 
of the State. It is the patriotic duty of all commercial organizations to assist all 
worthy farmers in the State who may need credit for planting and cultivating their 
crops. And the bankers serving on the Resolution Committee, backed by fifty of the 
bankers present here today, hereby give the Governor assurance that the bankers 
of the State in general, and of each county in particular, are able, wilhng and ready 
to co-operate in extending to all needy and worthy applicants such material assistance 
and credit as may be necessary to meet local conditions. 

The Farmers' Opportunity — This is a time of great responsibility and brings with 
it the greatest opportunity that has ever been presented to the farmers of this country. 
The farmer will be both wise and patriotic if he exerts every energy towards the 
maximum production of food crops. 

Maximum production must come in two ways, first by widely extending the 
acreage planted to food crops. This is the year to increase largely the areas planted 
to corn, wheat, potatoes and all vegetables. Second, by growing a maximum crop 
on every acre. Apply fertilizers. Plant tested seed of known productiveness. 
Cultivate with unusual thoroughness. 

Build More Silos — An acre of corn preserved in a silo will produce twenty-five 
per cent more beef, pork or mutton than when harvested by the ordinary method. 

Grow Staple Crops — This is no time to experiment with unusual and untried crops. 

Plant all waste ground to some profitable crops which may be used for food for 
man or animal. Increase the number of hogs; plant rape for forage; increase the 
acreage in potatoes and beans. Plant special forage crops and feed good dairy cows 
the maximum ration. Every housekeeper should put up two years' supply of canned 
fruits and vegetables. Where cans are not available all fruits and vegetables that 
can be dried should be preserved in this manner and in larger ciuantities than ever 
before. 

The methods to be followed in obtaining maximum production have been 
definitely worked out. Farmers may get this information quickly and without 
cost by applying to the College of Agriculture or the State Board of Agriculture. 

Missouri Council of Defense — In order that the State of Missouri may render 
the greatest service to the Federal government and make effective all the activities 



M I S vS O U R I COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



of the State enlisted in the national service, we recommend that the Governor appoint 
a Missouri Council of Defense. It shall be the duty of such body to serve with him 
and to co-operate with the National Council of Defense and to place at the service 
of the nation without restriction all the resources and activities of the State of 
Missouri. 

Loyal to the State and National Leaders — This state-wide Missouri Conference 
on Food and Public Defense does unreservedly approve and commend the progressive 
and patriotic spirit of Governor Frederick D. Gardner in calling this convention 
through the Board of Agriculture; we endorse the actions and policies of President 
Woodrow Wilson and the Congress of these United States, and we do pledge to the 
Governor of Missouri and the President of the Nation the unqualified support of each 
and every Missouri citizen in this unparalleled struggle for world peace and human 
liberty." 



Creation of Missouri Council of Defense 

Creation of Missouri Council — After which, the Conference adjourned, and on 
the morning of April 24, 1917, Governor Gardner announced the creation of the Mis- 
souri Council of Defense in the following statement: 

"The idea of a State Council of Defense is an outgrowth of the old vState Council 
of Safety of the Revolutionary War. The duties of such a Council, among other 
things, are: 

1st. To mobilize and conserve all the resources of the State. 

2nd. To co-operate with the War and Navy Department, the Secretary of 
Agriculture, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Council of National Defense. 

3rd. To assist in a movement to prevent uneconomic speculation in the 
necessaries of life. 

4th. To take the lead in all movements for assisting the farmer, also in exploiting 
the advantage of municipal and community gardening; shall co-operate with the 
College of Agriculture, State Board of Agriculture and the Superintendent of 
Schools, etc. 

5th. In brief, this Committee will be the supreme authority of the common- 
wealth in relation to the State's duties to the nation during the entire period of the 
war." 



Eight 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DISPENSE 



A list of the members as appointed follows: 



Dean F. B. Mnmford, Chairman, Col- 
umbia, Mo. 

Thornton Cooke, President, Missouri 
Bankers' Ass'n, Kansas City 

Walter S. Dickey, Kansas City 

\V. T. Kemper, Commerce Trust Co., 
Kansas City 

Wm. H. Lee, St. Louis 

George W. Brown, St. Louis 

Melville L. Wilkinson, St. Louis 

Rev. W. C. Bitting, St. Louis 

Archbishop John J. Glennon, »St. Louis 

Elliott Marshall, St. Joseph 

Hugh Mclndoe, Joplin 

Robert Withers, Liberty 

B. F. Bush, St. Louis 

Members subsequently appointed. 

C. W. Armour, Kansas City 
J. T. Bird, Kansas City 

Mrs. B. F. Bush, St Louis 

Paul W. Brown, St. Louis 

James Cowgill, Kansas City 

C. H. Danes, St. Louis 

L. C. Hamilton, St. Joseph 

John T. Heard, Sedalia 

James H. McCord, Jefferson City 

John F. Morton, Richmond 

E. D. Nims. St. Louis 



Cecil W. Thomas, Jefferson City 

E. E. E. Mcjimsey, Springfield 

Lee Shelton, Kennett 

S. J. Roy, Hannibal 

Frank W. McAllister, Jefferson City 

Mayor Henry W. Kiel, St. Louis 

Geo. H. Edwards, Kansas City 

John H. Galeener, Sikeston 

R. T. Wood, Springfield 

David Sommers, St. Louis 

C. O. Raine, Canton 

E. W. Solomon, Bernie 

S. R. Schmutz, Mayview 

R. A. Long, Kansas City 

Fred W. Fleming, Kansas City 

I. B. Dunlap, Kansas City 

J. F. Osborne, Joplin 
R. B. Oliver, Cape Girardeau 
Walter Robertson, Marshall 
John Scullin, St. Louis 
Cyrus P. Walbridge, St. Louis 
W. W. Wheeler, St. Joseph 
Edwards Whitaker, St. Louis 
Huston Wyeth, St. Joseph 
C. F. Enright, Jefferson City 
J. C. Whitsell, St. Joseph 



Missouri was practically the first state after the declaration of war to hold a 
War Conference and create a State Council of Defense. 

The Missouri State Council of Defense, as appointed by the Governor, held its 
first meeting in the City of St. Louis on April 28th, 1918. Chairman Mumford called 
the meeting to order. 

The Council proceeded to organize by electing Dean F. B. Mumford permanent 
Chairman of the Council, appointing a Committee to select the location of head- 
cjuarters and to select a permanent Secretary. 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Mr. William H. Lee was nominated for Treasurer and unanimously elected. 
On May 8th the Council again met in vSt. Louis and voted to establish 
headquarters in Jefferson City. Mr. William Flewellyn Saunders was made 
Secretary. 

The Council met June 1st at the Planters Hotel in St. Louis, and at this meeting 
planned a budget of expenditures to include the support of the women's auxiliary, and 
discussed plans for the opening of the offices. 

The office headcjuarters of the Missouri Council of Defense were opened June 
17th in the Senate Chamber of the Temporary Capitol Building, where they remained 
until the opening of the New Capitol in October, 1917, to which it moved and remained 
throughout its existence. 

Successive meetings of the Missouri Council of Defense were held as follows: 
June 22nd, 1917, Jefiferson City, Mo. 
July 19th, 1917, St. Louis, Mo. 
July 21st, 1917, Kansas City, Mo. 
August 8th, 1917, Joplin, Mo. 
August 29th, 1917, Springfield, Mo. 
September 26th, 1917, Sedalia, Mo. 
November Sth, 1917, St. Joseph, Mo. 
December 12th, 1917, Jefferson City, Mo. 
January 16th, 1918, Columbia, Mo. 
March 20th, 1918, Kansas City, Mo. 
June 1st, 1918, Hannibal, Mo. 
July 12th, 1918, Cape Girardeau, Mo. 
September 10th, 1918, Kansas City, Mo. 
September 26th, 1918, Sedalia, Mo. 
December 11th, 1918, Jefferson City, Mo. 
January 10th, 1919, St. Louis, Mo. 

The final meeting of the Missouri Council of Defense was held at the vSt. Louis 
Club, vSt. Louis, January 10th, at which time the following resolution was adopted: 

"The Missouri Council of Defense was appointed by the Governor of the State 
to be the supreme authority of the Commonwealth in relation to the State's duty 
to the nation during the entire period of the war. 

"Technically, we are still at war with the Central Powers, but actually the war 
has been won, and it is therefore our judgment that the primary purpose for which the 
Council was organized has been accomplished. The Council therefore has taken 
the following action: 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



1. The efficiency and the patriotism of the County Councils of Defense is a 
source of profound gratification and we recommend that all local Councils of Defense 
continue intact for such service in connection with reconstruction activities as may 
later be determined. 

2. The Chairman is requested to notify all employees of the Council, except 
the Acting Secretary and one stenographer, that their services will be no longer 
required after January 25, 1919. 

3. That a report of the work of the Council of Defense throughout its existence 
be prepared by the Acting Secretary under the direction of the Chairman; that this 
be printed in an edition of 2500 copies. 

4. The Chairman is hereby authorized to turn over all files and records, including 
such filing cases as are clearly essential for preservation of the records, to the Missouri 
State Historical Library, at Columbia, Missouri. 

5. The Chairman is authorized to appoint an Auditing Committee to have a 
proper audit of all accounts and a committee to dispose of the property of the Council 
at public auction. The proceeds of such sale to be deposited with the Treasurer and 
the funds thus collected to be used in payment of any just claims against the Council. 

6. The Missouri Council of Defense hereby releases all committees and members 
of County, Township and Community Councils from all further obligations and 
announces that it will no longer assume the responsibility of directing such com- 
mittees and local councils, assuming that all proper functions will hereafter be 
continued by the various regular State agencies. 



Eleven 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Agriculture and Food Production 



The Committee on Agriculture and Food Production, as originally provided by 
the Missouri Council of Defense, was composed of F. B. Mumford, Chairman, Missouri 
Council of Defense, Council Member; A. J. Meyer, Director of the Agricultural 
Extension Service, Chairman; Jewell Mayes, vSecretary of the Missouri State Board 
of Agriculture; Paul Evans, Director of the Missouri Fruit Experiment Station, and 
C. T. Patterson, Director of the Missouri Poultry Experiment Station. 

Early in the year 1918, Messrs. C. T. Patterson and Paul Evans left their posi- 
tions, and T. W. Noland and F. W. Faurot were appointed as their successors, thereby 
automatically becoming members of the committee on Agriculture and Food 
Production. At a meeting of the committee, March 11, 1918, the following sub- 
committee were authorized and chairmen named: Sub-committee on Live Stock, 
chairman, C. E- Yancey, Liberty, Mo.; sub-committee on Horticultural Products, 
chairman, John Evans, Olden, Mo.; sub-committee on Farm Crops, Horace Windsor, 
Boonville, Mo. 



General Method of Work 

This committee has proceeded throughout its existence on the theory that its 
greatest service could be rendered by supporting the agricultural production projects 
of established institutions and organizations rather than by initiating new and 
independent lines of effort, which, at best, could only duplicate, and at worst might 
seriously conflict with, established activities representing the Federal and State 
governments, which were already under way and which were operating with financial 
budgets of considerable size. This committee had no financial budget. 

In accordance with the foregoing theory, the first work of the committee was to 
make a survey of the field and discover agencies with which it might co-operate. 
These were found to include the following: 

(1) The County Council of Defense organization including 
especially the county organizations; 

(2) The College of Agriculture with its extension Service, 
including county agricultural agents, home demonstra- 
tion agents and boys' and girls' club workers; 



MIvSSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



(3) The State Board of Agriculture with its Farmers' In- 
stitute workers and other extensions representatives 
who, in both regulatory and educational capacities 
were encouraging food production and all 'round devel- 
opment of agriculture; 

(4) The Poultry Experiment vStation at Mountain Grove, 
Mo., with its facilities for reaching the poultrymen of 
the state in the interests of increased production of 
poultry products; 

(5) The Missouri Fruit Experiment Station at Mountain 
Grove, Mo. 

(6) The Public vSchool System of the state headed by the 
Department of Public Schools at Jefferson City, Mo. 

(7) The office of the Commissioner of Labor; 

(8) The Federal Food Administration of Missouri with its 
various divisions in counties, towns and cities; 

(9) The various agricultural organizations and organiza- 
tions of women formed in the interests of food conser- 
vation. 

All of the foregoing served as a regular channel of communication through which 
the committee was enabled to render more or less direct service in bringing Missouri 
into the war, aggressively and positively. 

Because of the fact that all of its work has been co-operative in character, no 
claim is made by the committee for the full credit, or for any definite portion of the 
credit, for results accomplished as indicated in the succeeding sections of this 
chapter. 



Literature and Publications 

During the term of service of the committee there have been distributed in 
the state of Missouri the following publications and special leaflets: 
College of Agriculture: 
Extension Service Circulars: 

No. 22. The Way to Grow and Use Sudan Grass. 
No. 23. Drying of Fruits and Vegetables. 



Fourteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Extension Service Circulars — Continued: 

No. 24. Crops for Overflowed Lands. 

No. 25. War Breads. 

No. 26. The Story of a Backyard Flock. 

No. 27. Work of a Farmers' Exchange. 

No. 28. Fertilizers for Wheat. 

No. 29. Growing Wheat in Missouri. 

No. 30. Farm Cheesemaking. 

No. 31. Farming on a War Basis. 

No. 32. vSilos and Silage. 

No. 33. Community Live Stock Breeding. 

No. 34. Tile Drainage. 

No. 3). Pickles and Relishes. 

No. 36. Hogging Down Corn. 

No. 37. Sweet Clover. 

No. 38. Farm Buildings for Missouri. 

No. 39. Farm Lighting Systems. 

No. 40. The Emergency Agricultural Agent. 

No. 41. Principles of Sewing. 

No. 42. Hog Butchering and Pork Curing. 

No. 43. Profitable Dairy Herds through Cow Testing. 

No. 44. How to Select and Store Household Linens. 

No. 45. How to Cook vSoybeans and Cowpeas. 

No. 46. How to Save Fats. 

No. 47. How to Save Sugar. 

No. 48. How to Test Seed Corn. 

No. 49. Water Systems for Farm Homes. ■ 

No. 50. Cottage Cheesemaking. 

No. 51. vSelection and Management of Dairy Bull. 

No. 52. Canning by the One-Period Cold Pack Method. 

No. 53. Storing Vegetables. 

No. 54. Prevent Insect Damage. 

No. 55. The Winters' Feed vSupply. 

No. 56. Fattening Lambs on Forage. 

No. 57. Making a Simple Wash Dress and Middy Blouse. 

No. 58. Grain Judging for Boys' and Girls' Clubs. 

No. 59. Winter Eggs for Missouri. 

No. 60. Handling the Alfalfa Crop. 



Fifteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Extension Service Circulars — Concluded : 

No. 61. Liming for Clover. 

No. 62. Handling Barnyard Manure. 

No. 63. Pure Bred Live Stock and the Average Farm. 

No. 64. Potato Culture for Missouri. 

Experiment Station Bulletins : 

No. 147. Work and Progress of Experiment Station 1915-16. 

No. 148. Soil Experiments on Ozark Upland. 

No. 149. Preparations of Corn for Fattening Steers. 

No. 150. Corn Silage in Rations for Fattening Steers. 

No. 151. How the Station Works. 

No. 152. Cost of Horse Labor on the Farm. 

No. 153. The Soils of Missouri. 

No. 154. Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers, 1917. 

No. 155. Meat Scraps and Sour Milk for Egg Production. 

No. 156. Milk Production Costs and Milk Prices. 

No. 157. Fertilizer Trials — Wentzville Experiment Field. 

No. 158. Winter Rations for Dairy Heifers. 

No. 159. Profits from Milk Cows on General Cornbelt Farms. 

No. 160. Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers, 1918. 

Experiment Station Circulars: 

No. S3. The Home Vegetable Garden. 
No. 84. How to Keep Farm Accounts. 
No. 85. The Farmers' Beef Club. 

State Board of Agriculture: 

Vol. 15, No. 6. vSam Jordan's Corn Talk. 

Vol. 15, No. 7. The Small Vegetable Garden. 

Vol. 15, No. 8. War Time Farming. 

Vol. 15, No. 9. Growing and Feeding Meat to Animals. 

Vol. 15, No. 10. Horses and Mules. 

Vol. 15, No. 11. Live Stock Questions and Answers. 

Vol. 15, No. 12. Missouri Crop Review. 

Vol. 16. No. 1. The Farmer and the War. 

Vol. 16, No. 2. The Control of Hog Cholera in Missouri. 

Vol. 16, No. 3, Farm Questions and Answers (Part 1). 

Vol. 16, No. 4. Farm Questions and Answers (Part 2). 

Vol. 16, No. 5. Farm Questions and Answers (Part 3). 



Sixteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



State Board of Agriculture — Continued. 

Vol. 16, No. 6. Farm Questions and Answers (Part 4). 

Vol. 16, No. 7. Dividing the Dollar. 

Vol. 16, No. 8. The New Patriotism. 

Vol. 16, No. 9. Live Stock in War Time. 

Vol. 16, No. 10. Co-operation Among Farmers. 

Vol. 16, No. 11. A Farm Club for Women. 

Vol. 16, No. 12. The Farmers' Club. 

Missouri Poultry Experiment Station: 

Bulletin No. 8. Swat the Rooster and Hints on Marketing of Eggs. 

Bulletin No. 4. The Fool Proof Poultry House. 

Bulletin No. 15. Incubation and Brooding. 

Circular No. 16. Swat the Rooster (Market Infertile Eggs During 

Summer Months). 
Bulletin No. 17. Year Book for 1917-18. 

Missouri Fruit Experiment Station: 

Circular No. 9. Spray Schedule for Grapes. 

Circular No. 10. Effect of Various Dressings on Pruning Wounds 

of Apple Trees. 
Circular No. 11. vSpray Schedule for Grapes. 
Circular No. 12. Varieties of Apples for the Home Orchard. 
Circular No. 13. Peaches, Plums and Cherries for the Home Orchard. 
Circular No. 14. Small Fruits for the Home Orchard. 
Circular No. 15. Growing the Home Orchard. 
Bulletin No. 23. Common Orchard Troubles. 
Spray Calendar Card. 

These publications were distributed in various ways and through various agencies, 
and met the needs of the committee so far as subject matter literature was concerned. 
In connection with the special silo campaign, a propaganda leaflet was issued, under 
the auspices of the Missouri Council of Defense, by the College of Agriculture. A 
circular letter giving instructions with reference to war gardens was widely circu- 
lated over the state and another circular letter making special appeal for the testing 
of seed corn in the spring of 1918 was issued and widely distributed. 



Speaking Campaigns 

The College of Agriculture through its extension service, and the State Board 
of Agriculture through its Farmers' Institutes, were especially fortunate in being 
able to reach in a direct, personal way, food producers in practically every county 



Seventeen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



of the state. Congress, by a generous war emergency appropriation, made it possible 
for the College of Agriculture to locate in the state forty-two county agricultural 
agents and twenty-seven county home demonstration agents. In addition to this, 
the work of food conservation was carried to the three largest cities of the state by 
a force of seven special city workers. 

In the Ijeginning of the home demonstration work, the state was distril^uted into 
fourteen districts with a demonstration agent in each district, who gave her time 
principally to giving instruction in methods of canning vegetables and in demon- 
strating the various substitutes that people were compelled to know about in order 
to follow the rules of the Federal Food Administration. A similar practice was 
followed in the agricultural work. Here the district agents were continued until 
after the close of the war, the number gradually decreasing as the force of district 
workers was taken over into regular county work. Altogether the College 'of Agri. 
culture, through its extension service lay co-operation with the l^nited States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, was able to place in the field 118 men and women, who gave 
their time exclusively to help farmers and housekeepers to meet the needs of the 
war from a production and conservation standpoint. Sixteen members of the State 
Board of Agriculture staff gave their time partially or wholly to similar work. The 
Mountain Grove Poultry Experiment .Station gave the services of three men for 
part-time extension work during the war, while the Fruit Experiment Station gave 
the full time of one man to field service. 

In this way, every demand of the government from a subject matter standpoint 
was carried to the field by word of mouth, thus supplementing the printed material 
as well as the speakers who were sent out from other sources. 



Supplying Farm Help 

F'rom the beginning of the war, the State Labor Commissioner, co-operating 
with the United States Department of Labor, developed an active program to supply 
Missouri farmers with needed help in their agricultural operation. The various 
County Councils of Defense likewise interested themselves in this matter. The 
United vStates Department of Agriculture, co-operating with the College of Agri- 
culture, employed on April 1, 1918, a so-called Farm Help Specialist, who, from 
the time of his appointment, gave his attention principally to the matter of organ- 
izing farmers and townspeople so that local farm help needs might be cared for, in 
the main, locally. The farm help specialist started his work in active co-operation 
with the committee, and continued this relationship throughout the season. 



Eighteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



As matters dev-eloped, this entire line of work turned out to be more a matter of 
preparedness than of real service, since the combination of a favorable season and a 
not too rapid withdrawing of farm help under the army draft enabled Missouri 
farmers for the most part to gather their crops without experiencing a serious labor 
shortage. Too much cannot be said of the long hours which farmers everywhere 
accepted as their portion of military service in meeting the labor shortage without 
sacrificing production. 

In practically every town of any size, a volunteer movement was developed at 
harvest time by which town people went to the country to assist in saving the wheat 
crop. For the most part, the people from the towns confined their activities to 
shocking, although in a number of cases the same persons were active at threshing- 
time. Altogether, 202 farm help directors were appointed in the state, and served 
their communities in mobilizing local help to tide over the peak-load periods during 
the season. From the best evidence available, no crops have been lost because of 
lack of labor to handle the crops. This is particularly true where farmers utilized 
the services of their local farm help directors. In all cases, these farm help directors 
co-operated actively with the local councils of defense. 



Development of County Agent Work 

One of the activities to which the committee and various county councils of 
defense gave special attention was the development of county agent work. Missouri 
went into the war with fifteen counties having county agricultural agents. At the 
time of this report, this number has been increased to forty-two. It was appreciated 
that the ciuick way to place Missouri at the head of other states in food production 
was to place a trained agricultural leader in all of its good agricultural counties. 
Unfortunately this goal was not reached, but the record of twenty-seven new county 
agents added to the force already in the field is one with which the committee is 
especially gratified. 

At the date of this report, the following Missouri counties are organized with 
farm bureaus employing co-operatively with the College of Agriculture and the 
United States Department of Agriculture county agricultural agents: 
Counties Having Agents Prior to the War: 
Butler Chariton 

Buchanan Greene 

Cape Girardeau Jackson 
Carroll Johnson 



Knox 


St. Charles 


Marion 


St. Francois 


Pettis 


Scott 


Saline 





Nineteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Counties Starting County Agent Work Since the Beginning of tlie War: 

Adair Howell LaFayette Pemiscot 

Caldwell Holt Madison Pike 

Clark Howard Mississippi St. Louis 

Clinton Jasper Montgomery vSullivan 

Cass Linn New Madrid vStoddard 

DeKalb Lincoln Newton Vernon 

Dunklin Livingston Perry Webster 
Gentry 

It is impossible to record all the results accomplished through the influence 
and efforts of the county agricultural agents. A few of the more outstanding results 
include the following: 

1917 1918 
Total number of acres of corn known to have been grown ac- 
cording to suggestions of county agents 27,941 885,641 

Total number acres wheat so grown 12,213 197,899 

Total number acres alfalfa so grown 990 1,730 

Total number acres sweet clover so grown 102 223 

Total number acres soybeans so grown 4,037 8,740 

Number farms selecting seed corn in fall 1,110 5,492 

Number farms testing seed corn for germination 107 19,018 

Number acres planted with fall selected seed corn 13,220 186,826 

Number acres planted with tested seed corn 5,190 655,948 

Number acres planted with wheat treated for smut 48,802 

Number acres oats treated for smut 3,468 2,585 

Number orchards pruned and sprayed according to sugges- 
tions of agents 340 481 

Cow testing associations organized by agents 3 5 

Number cows in such association 1,630 2,013 

Live Stock breeders' associations formed 5 21 

Total membership in such associations 376 859 

Animals tested for tuberculosis on suggestion of agent 646 3,010 

Animals treated for black leg on suggestion of agent 6,842 3,857 

Hogs vaccinated for cholera on suggestion of agent 4,996 50,350 

Crop rotation systems planned and adopted 57 115 

Farms using commercial fertilizers on suggestion of agent. . . . 1,409 2,564 

Farmers keeping farm accounts on suggestion of agent 61 233 

Total number of farm hands supplied by county agents 186 1,745 



Twenty 



MISSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Total number of farm visits made for the purpose of giving 1917 1918 

definite information on agriculture 4,779 13,752 

Total attendance at such meetings 27,315 172,582 

Agricultural articles written by agents for use in papers 10,171 2,079 



Home Demonstration Work 

Throughout the war the problem of food conservation has gone hand in hand 
with that of food production. A number of states in the union had already demon- 
strated the efficiency of county agents trained in home economics and experienced 
in household practice as a means of assisting women to follow the methods of food 
conservation which were absolutely demanded by the needs of the war emergency. 
From time to time throughout the two years past, the food administration has issued 
necessary regulations with reference to the use of substitutes and the conserving of 
special classes of foodstuffs. 

In order to meet the demands of the food administration, it became necessary 
for housewives to largely reorganize and readjust their food practices. This created 
a wide demand for information. Much of this information was given out by means 
of the printed page, but here again, as in every phase of war work, the most effective 
activities were those that received personal direction through personal contact. 
The College of Agriculture, through funds furnished by the United States Department 
of Agriculture, as an emergency measure, was able greatly to increase its force of 
state workers. 

Early in 1917, a canning campaign was instituted in the state, with the result 
that practically every county was reached with one or more demonstrations showing 
how to can vegetables by the cold pack method. Following this, an active cam- 
paign to teach methods of conserving wheat flour was conducted throughout the 
state. Women everywhere were encouraged to e.xpand their garden and poultry 
operations, or to take over these activities where they had previously been the 
interests of men. During the latter months of 1918, special stress was laid upon 
clothing conservation. In this work, the needs of the infant and child have not 
been forgotten. Increasingly great attention has been paid to miscellaneous and 
general child welfare work. 

Records are not available to show the total extent of results accomplished. 
From extremely incomplete records available it is shown that 658,633 quarts of 
vegetables and fruits were canned at home as a direct result of home economics 



Twenty-one 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



extension work; that 37,417 pounds of dried fruits were produced, and that 10,500 
dozens of eggs were preserved for winter use. Altogether, 250,000 circulars relating 
to food conservation were distributed over the state. In addition to this, consid- 
erably over 100,000 multigraphed sheets have been distributed to the women of the 
state on subjects of immediate interest. 

The following counties have been supplied with county home demonstration 
agents since the beginning of the war: 

Barton 

Butler 

Cape Girardeau 

Chariton 

Clay 

Cole 

Dunklin 

It is anticipated that many of the counties will make provision, in co-operation 
with the College of Agriculture and the United States Department of Agriculture, to 
retain the home demonstration work as a permanent educational feature. 

The committee feels that its interests in creating sentiment favorable to the 
employment of county agricultural and home demonstration agents has been, in an 
indirect way, the most outstandingly useful of its various lines of work. 



Greene 


JefTerson 


Marion 


Harrison 


Johnson 


Mississippi 


Holt 


LaFayette 


Montgomery 


Howell 


Lincoln 


St. Francois 


Jackson 


Linn 


Sullivan 


Jasper 


Livingston 


Vernon 



Junior Activities 

One of the first matters to receive the attention of the committee on agriculture 
and food production, was that of encouraging junior activities in food production. 
Every town in the state was urged especially to form garden clubs so that the town 
back-lot might become productive, and so that the boy or girl in town and country 
might lend his hand to a war activity which was strictly within his power and which, 
at the same time, would contribute to the winning of the war in an immediately 
direct manner. The result of this appeal, combined with similar appeals from various 
other sources, has been most gratifying. The boys and girls of the state responded 
in a most thoroughly patriotic manner. 

It is only under special conditions that accurate data has been kept, so that any 
figures which we might present would be deceiving because of their incompleteness 
and because of the lack of definite information as to the extent of such incompleteness. 



Twenty-two 



MISSOURI C O l^ N C I L OF DEFENSE 



There are available, however, definite records of that phase of jvmior work club 
organized and directed by the College of Agriculture. This probably represents 
only a small fraction of the actual amount of work done by boys and girls, but a few 
of the more outstanding records are quoted for whatever they may be worth: 
Poultry Clul)s: 1917 1918 

Number members enrolled 1,208 2,482 

Value of product $5,533.00 $ 13,614.00 

Pig Clubs: 

Number members enrolled 293 805 

Value of product $ 9,325.86 $ 24,781.30 

Canning Clubs: 

Number members enrolled 4,135 1,840 

Value of product $ 1,660.08 $ 15,001.55 

Sewing Clubs: 

Number members enrolled 2,880 4,140 

Value of product $ 7,132.10 $ 0,392.75 

Garden Clubs: 

Number members enrolled 390 8,990 

Value of product $ 5,328.00 $ 25,136.75 

Bread Baking Clubs: 

Number members enrolled 603 739 

Value of product No data 



Wheat Increase 

Five special campaigns are particularly deserving of mention in connection with 
the increasing of the food production of Missouri. In the summer of 1917, the Federal 
Government asked Missouri to increase its fall sowing of wheat five per cent. Imme- 
diately a well-organized campaign, promoted through the various county councils 
of defense, was extended over the entire wheat producing area of Missouri, with the 
result that Missouri's actual wheat acreage was increased more than four times 
what was requested by the Federal Government. The actual acreage sown in the fall 
of 1917 was 2,875,000, as compared with 2,400,000 which the United States Government 
asked for. The actual yield resulting from this increased acreage was 52,258,000 
as against a previous five-year average of 31, .500, 000. 



Twenty -three 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Pork Production 

Immediately at the close of the wheat campaign, there was launched a special 
pork production campaign in order to meet a demand from the Federal Government 
that Missouri increase its output of pork fifty per cent. It was realized from the 
beginning that so large an increase could not be expected. Nevertheless, the various 
County Councils of Defense placed the needs of the world before the hog producers 
of Missouri, and they came back with a response increasing the actual production 
of pork in the state something like twenty per cent. It is impossible to give an exact 
figure, since there is no way of obtaining a positive record as to the amount of pork 
produced in any given year. 



Seed Corn Testing 

In the spring of 1918, the committee entered upon a vigorous campaign to en- 
courage universal testing of seed corn to be sure that only corn of assured growing 
power should be planted for the 1918 crop. Under the leadership of the Missouri 
Council of Defense every corn-growing county in the state took up the work. Each 
County Council of Defense was asked to appoint a seed corn chairman and practically 
every county responded. 

Governor Frederick D. Gardner issued a special proclamation calling attention 
to the importance of testing seed corn as a war measure. 

The field staffs of the State Board of Agriculture and College of Agriculture 
gave their active attention to the campaign. County superintendents and teachers 
encouraged their children to test seed corn. The papers of the state gave their 
columns freely to the furthering of seed corn testing. Every public and private 
agency in the state that might have some influence was concentrated on the one 
object of making Missouri's 1918 stand of corn as near one hundred per cent as good 
seed could make it. And this, in spite of the fact that over one-half of the corn 
intended for seed was worthless, because of the unusual weather conditions that had 
prevailed during the fall and winter of 1917-18. 

The corn testing campaign met with the success it deserved. Never in the 
history of the state did Missouri start the year with a more promising stand of corn. 
Later drought conditions turned promised bumper yields into a near failure over 
most of the state, but the corn growers had done their full share in starting right. 
Much of the credit for the good start belongs to the men, women and children, who 
gave themselves so enthusiastically to promoting the seed corn germination test. 



Twenty-four 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Poultry Culling 

In the late summer and early fall of 1918, a special poultry culling campaign 
was organized in Missouri for_the purpose of showing poultry raisers how to select 
out the non-producing hens. As a result of this campaign, 7,383 flocks were culled 
in forty-five counties of the state. It is a conservative estimate to say that the 
disposal of the slacker hens from over 7,000 flocks has saved feed to the value of more 
than $175,000. 



Second Wheat Campaign 

The wheat campaign to encourage a still greater increase in acreage was repeated 
in the summer of 1918, at which time special emphasis was also laid upon treating all 
seed wheat to prevent smut, which, in past years, has been taking a large toll from 
Missouri wheat growers. As a result of this campaign, practically every county in 
the state sowed more smut-free wheat than has ever been sown in the history of the 
state. The committee has records of approximately 50,000 acres sown to treated 
seed wheat, and it was estimated that several times this number of acres, of which 
there is no record, were likewise sown to treated seed. Judged by the amount of 
formaldehyde sold in Saline County to treat wheat, that county alone is estimated 
to have at least 90,000 acres seeded to treated wheat. Other counties claim to have 
a considerable portion of their total wheat area sown to smut-free wheat. The 
effect of this work will be evident in the next harvest. 

Again Missouri took a great forward step in increasing her wheat acreage, running 
the total sowed for the year 1919 crop up to 4,243,000 acres, according to the crop 
estimate of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture. 



Silo Campaign 

The Councils of Defense in thirty-five counties co-operated with the committee 
in making a silo survey as a preliminary to an extended campaign to encourage the 
building of a larger number of silos on Missouri farms. As a result of this survey, 
the various state and Federal agencies entrusted with the continuance of the agri- 
cultural activities of the Missouri Council of Defense, came in touch with over 1,000 
Missouri farmers who were interested in silo building. 



Twenty-five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Marketing Committee 

The Marketing Committee of the Missouri Coimcil cf Defense was composed of 
Jewell Ma\'es, Secretary- of the State Board of Agriculture, Chairman; Messrs. C. O. 
Raine, Master of the State Grange; E. W. Solomon, President of the Missouri State 
Farmers' Union; C. W. Schmutz, President of the Missouri State Farmers' Asso- 
ciation, and Professor A. J. Me\^er, Director of Agricultural Extension, Missouri 
College of Agriculture. Others interested in the problems of production and dis- 
tribution worked with the Marketing Committee. 

One conference was held in St. Louis, in co-operation with the Agricultiu-al 
Committee, along with the agricultural departments of the Missouri Pacific, Iron 
Moimtain, the Frisco, the Wabash, other railroads and other activities of agricul- 
ture. The Agricultural Committee of the Missouri Council of Defense heartily and 
constantly co-operated and made every effort in the interest cf the producer and 
the consumer in times of war. 

The Chairman had the opportunitj^ and duty cf conducting in a very limited way 
a State Bureau of Marketing through the Missouri Clip Sheet of the State Board of 
Agriculture, doing this work without an\' expense to the Missouri Council of Defense. 

In the critical times of seed com planting, seed com selection, seed com buying 
and distribution, in the spring time and late winter of 1918, the Marketing Com- 
mittee was very active and issued special editions of lists of all known holders of good 
seed com, conducting a ver>' considerably large amount of correspondence in getting 
together the man who had seed corn to sell with the man who desired to buy Mis- 
souri-grown seed corn. 

Not only with seed com, but in all farm seeds and farm crops the Committee 
co-operated, and in a very great many instances assisted the producer in finding a 
ready market for his special and regular products. Beans, garden and truck field 
products, special fruits and other special crops were thus marketed. 

The Committee helped quite a large number of live stock raisers to dispose of 
their surplus stock or stocks necessary to be sold because of drought or shortage 
of feed, lack of farm help, or for other reasons. 

In seeming and distributing farm help, this "Marketing Committee" was quite 
active, working with State Labor Commissioner \V. H. Lewis and the U. S. Depart- 
ment of Labor. The Committee also co-operated with the Missoiui State Prison 
Board in the distribution and sale of Missouri-made binder twine. 



Twenty-six 



M I S S O I" R I COUNCIL OF D E F E X S E 



AX APPRECIATIOX 

The Committee on Agriculture and Food Production desires to express its appreciation 
of the vigorous and effective manner in -which the press of the state has given its co-operation 
in furthering all activities looking toward increased food production. The active cc-opera- 
tion of the various County Councils of Defense, county agricultural agents, and various 
individuals acting on their own responsibility has made it possible for the committee 
to function in the capacity for -which it was created. In the absence of a budget, we desire 
particularly to give recognition to the material assistance rendered by the secretaries of 
the Missouri Council of Defense, as well as other officials connected with the central execu- 
tive office. 



Twenty-seven 



MISSOl'RI COl^NCIL OF DEFENSE 

The Missouri Division of the United 
States Food Administration 



Dean F. B. Mumford of the College of Agriculture of the University of Missouri 
and Chairman of the Missouri Council of Defense, was appointed Federal Food 
Administrator for the State of Missouri on October 19, 1917. He formed a ten- 
tative office organization by the immediate appointment of T. J- Talbert as 
Executive Secretary, Don D. Patterson, Assistant to the Food Administrator, 
Mildred Irish, stenographer, and by transferring Edith O. Briggs, at that time 
stenographer for the Dean of the College of Agriculture, to the Food Administration. 

As Chairman of the Missouri Council of Defense, Dean Mumford had already 
formulated county and township organizations throughout the State to carry on the 
work of the Council. 

When he became Food Administrator for Missouri, he immediately began the 
work of building up an organization similar to that of the State Council. Many of 
the County Chairmen of the Council of Defense were appointed County Food 
Administrators. By uniting the Missouri Division of the Council of Defense, the 
Missouri Division of the United States Food Administration, and the Missouri 
College of Agriculture, with its various extension workers, Mr. Mumford had an 
organization which in many respects was not surpassed by any other State. By 
enlisting the services of the Chairmen of the Women's Committee of the Council of 
Defense, as well as the various county chairmen, a real working organization was 
built up in the State which was most effective in carrying out the program of the 
United States Food Administration. 

Merchant Representative— M. L. Wilkinson of St. Louis was appointed Merchant 
Representative on October 10, 1917. 

The closest co-operation was maintained between the Merchant Representative 
and the Federal Food Administrator in the distribution of literature and all other 
work undertaken by him. 

Home Economics Director— Miss Louise Stanley, Chairman of the Department 
of Home Ivconomics of the University of Missouri, was appointed Director of Home 
Economics on October 10, 1917. Miss Essie M. Heyle succeeded her in this work 
on June 15, 1918. 



Twenty -nine 



M I S S O U R I C O U N C I L () F DEFENSE 



Most of the work of the Home Economics Director was with the County Food 
Chairmen and Home Demonstration Agents. 

In January, 1918, the work of making and displaying window exhibits was begun. 
These exhibits were displayed weekly in the various counties until April. Window 
exhibits were distributed in 42 towns, 418 being sent out weekly in March. 

Food Administration Schools were organized in March, 1918. This work grew 
rapidly from the beginning, so that in April there were 27 in Kansas City, 45 in St. 
Louis, and 30 outside these two cities. The attendance at each of these schools 
ranged from 20 to 75 persons. The first group of students was graduated in June 
and more than 1000 certificates were issued to those completing the course. 

Food preservation courses were organized in May, but were not such a success 
as they would otherwise have been, on account of the drought. 

In counties having a large negro population, classes for negro women were also 
organized. 

The activities of the Home Economics Director up to November 1, 1918, may be 
summarized as follows: 

32 Counties were reached 
278 demonstrations given 
43 addresses made 
146 special articles published 
6657 bulletins distributed. 
Family Food Pledge Enrollment Campaign — The first work undertaken by the 
Food Administration was the Family Food Campaign, which was begun on October 
28th. Approximately 1,000,000 Missourians signed the pledge. Missouri was the 
first State in the Union in number of signers to the Food Conservation Pledge in 
proportion to population, and second only in total number of signers. 

Motion Picture Chairman — In October, Mr. A. D. Flinton was appointed Motion 
Picture Chairman of the State, and literature and suggestions were distributed in 
co-operation with him from time to time to motion picture establishments of the 
State. 

Distribution of Literature — In October the distribution of the Food Administra- 
tion literature was begun. The main channels of distribution were as follows: County 
Food Administrators; County Food Chairmen; Deputy County Food Administrators; 
County Agricultural Agents; Home Demonstration Agents; Public Libraries. Through 
these channels, editions of all publications were distributed, varying usually from 
3000 to 5000 copies. In many cases, however, 10,000 to 50,000 copies of various 
publications were distributed. 



Thirty 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Chairman of Library Publicity for Missouri — Much splendid co-operation in the 
distribution of literature was given by Miss Elizabeth Wales, who was appointed 
Chairman of Library Publicity for Missouri, on February 11, 1918. 

Chairman of Speakers' Bureau — In October, 1917, W. F. Saunders, Secretary of 
the Missouri Council of Defense, was appointed chairman of the Speakers' Bureau 
of the Missouri Di\'ision of the LTnited States Food Administration. 

Pledging Public Eating Places — Following the Family Food Campaign, on 
November 1, a campaign for pledging hotels and restaurants was inaugurated, and 
the co-operation of approximately 3,000 hotels and public eating places was secured. 

St. Louis Food Administration Committee — During the month of November, 1917, 
the Food Administrator began the selection of County Food Administrators for 
each county in the State. A Food Administration Committee was appointed for 
St. Louis City. This committee consisted of W. F. Gephart, Dean of the vSchool 
of Commerce and Finance of Washington University, Chairman; S. P. Goddard of 
the Goddard Wholesale Grocery Company; Charles Hertenstein, Chairman of the 
Efficiency Board of St. Louis and President of the Typographical Union. 

Enforcement Division — In December, 1917, the Enforcement Division was 
organized, with Lee Walker in charge. 

Hotel Chairman — In January, 1918, Mr. Frank J. Dean of Kansas City w'as 
appointed Chairman of the Hotel and Restaurant Committee for Missouri. Mr. 
Dean was succeeded on October 9, 1918, by John D. Tellman of the Hotel Jefferson 
in St. Louis. 

Appointment of County Food Administrators; Use of Council of Defense — By 
January 31, 1918, County Food Administrators had been appointed in 102 counties. 
In many cases, the County Food Administrator named was also the Chairman of the 
County Council of Defense. In all cases the County Council of Defense was asked 
to make recommendations for appointment of County Food Administrators. The 
organization of the State Council of Defense was used consistently by the State Food 
Administration, and was valuable in carrying out its initial campaigns, as the State 
Council of Defense had perfected its organization prior to the inception of the Food 
Administration. 

Retail Grocers Pledged — On January 29, 1918, a campaign was started through 
the County Food Administrators to obtain pledges from retail grocers to co-operate 
with the Food Administration. 

Changes in Handling Press Matter — During January important changes were 
made in the manner of handUng press matter by Vaughn Bryant, who took charge 



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MISvSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



of the work the hitter part of December. These changes aided the editors in the 
handling of copy. 

County Organization — By March 1, County Food Administrators had been 
appointed in all Missouri counties except two. The County Food Administrators 
were in turn proceeding with their local organizations, 300 deputies and assistants 
having been appointed on the al)Ove date. 

Appointment of Women Food Chairmen — In order to further strengthen the 
county organization the appointment of Women Food Chairmen was begun on 
Februarys, 191S, in each county, and up to March 1, seventy of thesehad been selected. 

The Woman Food Chairman of each county did excellent work in connection 
with Food Conservation Exhibits at coimty fairs and also at the vState Fair. 

Distribution of the 1918 Home Card — During February, 191S, the distribution 
of the I9I8 Home Card and the Corn and Oat Recipe leaflets was undertaken. 
Approximately (')00,000 Home Cards and recipes were distributed in the State. 

Progress of County Organization Work — During March the appointment of 
County Food Administrators in the State was completed. Four hundred and sixty- 
one deputies and assistants had also been appointed, and eighty-eight women Food 
Chairmen. 

Grain Threshing Campaign — During April, the Grain Threshing campaign was 
started. County Threshing Committees were organized, consisting of the County 
Food Administrator, County Agricultural Agent, and the Chairman of the County 
Council of Defense. After a list of the names of all threshermen had been obtained 
through the County Food Administrators and County Agricultural Agents, a pledge 
campaign was begun to enlist the co-operation of all the threshermen. In this cam- 
paign approximately 5,000 threshing machine owners pledged as members of the 
United vStates Food Administration. The object of this campaign was to eliminate 
waste at threshing time, and to get all threshing outfits in first class repair before 
the threshing period. W. E. Powell of Columbia was selected as Threshermen's 
Assistant. Later V. C. Carter and R. E. Carder were appointed as assistants. 

Potato Campaign — A campaign to increase the consumption of potatoes was 
carried on during April. In this campaign bulletins, leaflets, stories, plays, etc., 
were distributed to the schools of the State, and special letters sent to large users of 
potatoes with recipes for their use. 

Allotment of Sugar for Canning and Preserving, April, 1918 — The plan followed 
by Missouri in allotting sugar for canning and preserving was adopted in April. In 
order that all might receive their proper share and no more of the sugar available 



Thirty-two 



MISSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



for home canning, a Consumers' Canning and Preserving Certificate was devised. 
The maximum amount that could be purchased at one time was placed at 25 pounds. 

First Issue of Food Administration Bulletin — The first issue of the Food 
Administration Bulletin appeared in April. This was published weekly and sent to 
all County Food Administrators and their deputies, County Agricultural Agents, 
Home Demonstration Agents, Chairmen of the Women's Committees, and others 
interested in the work of food conservation. It contained all announcements of the 
Missouri Food Administration, new rules and regulations, and other information 
of value to members of the Food Administration. 

County Food Administrators' Conference, June 25 and 26, 1918 — A conference 
of the County Food Administrators of Missouri was held in Columbia June 25 and 
26. Sixty-five County Food Administrators, representing every sfection of the State, 
were in attendance. J. \V. Hallowell, from the Washington office, spoke to the 

Administrators. 

Return of Flour — Estimates from County Food Administrators indicate that 
up to July 1, 1918, about 1,000,000 pounds of flour were returned to the regular channels 
of trade in Missouri, as a result of the Flour Conservation program. 

Bakery Inspection — In May, the organization and supervision of bakery inspection 
work in Missouri, which had been prior to that time under the direction of the 
St. Louis Station of the Pure Food and Drug Inspection, was transferred to the 
State Administrator's office. 

Egg and Poultry Division — In June, 1918, H. L. Kempster of the Poultry 
Department of the University of Missouri was appointed as Specialist in Charge of 
the Egg and Poultry Division of the Missouri Food Administration. 

Sugar Rationing — On May 15, 1918, a force was employed and organized for the 
handling of the sugar rationing of manufacturers. 

Inspectors Appointed — Three inspectors were added to the Columbia organization 
during May. These were George P. Bauer, N. D. Evans, and S. P. Dalton. 

The Grain Threshing Campaign which was begun in April was actively continued 
during May, June and July. Co-operation between the farmer and the threshermen 
was obtained and in many cases fair prices were agreed upon. Twenty-five counties 
were visited by the threshermen's assistants and approximately 120 machines were 
inspected. Conservative estimates made at the end of the season, October, 1918, 
indicate the amount of grain saved in Missouri as a result of the Grain Threshing 
Campaign was 400,000 bushels. 



Thirty-three 



MISSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DKFENvSE 



Negro Deputies — On August 22d, James B. Coleman was appointed State Director 
for work among negroes. Through the immediate appointment of deputies in counties 
of sufficient negro population to warrant the work, an attempt was made to organize 
the negroes of Missouri for food conservation work. 

Use of Permanent Organizations — vSpecial efforts were put forth to use every 
permanent organization itself for carrying out the rules and regulations of the 
Food Administration and for getting before the people of the state educational 
material in regard to the necessity of conserving food. Churches and fraternal 
organizations of the State were important mediums of communication. Special 
messages from Mr. Hoover and other educational matter were sent to the heads of 
the various fraternal organizations and to the ministers. With the aid of Mrs. George 
H. Still, President of the Missouri Federation of Women's Clubs, various women's 
organizations in the vState were effective channels through which educational material 
was sent. Through these societies, and through the County Food Administrators 
and their Assistants and Deputies, was sent literature, such as wheatless recipes 
and various means of conserving food. In this way the housewife was reached 
directly. 

Through the organization of Home Demonstration Agents of the Agricultural 
Extension Service and the County Agents, much valuable work in food conservation 
was accomplished. Demonstration work in cooking was carried on throughout the 
state by members of the Agricultural Extension Service and the District and County 
Agents. Demonstrations in the use of surplus potatoes, canning and preserving 
demonstrations, baking without wheat, community canning and drying, and things 
of a similar nature were given by the members of the Agricultural Extension Service. 

The close co-operation of the Council of Defense, the Agricultural Extension 
Service, and the Food Administration resulted in getting into practically every part 
of the state the urgent necessity of food conservation. 

Decreased Flour Consumption — A questionnaire was sent to the County Food 
Administrators during May, requesting an estimate of the decreased sales and 
consumption of sugar and Hour. The following is a summary of the replies: 

Decreased Sales of Sugar, average in 76 counties — 36| per cent. 

Decreased Sales of Flour, average in 76 counties — 50 per cent. 

Decreased Consumption Sugar, average in 65 counties — 865 per cent. 

Decreased Consumption Flour, average in 65 counties — 51 per cent. 



Thirty -four 



MIvSSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Enforcement Division 

The Enforcement Division of the United States Food Administration for Missouri 
consisted of the following: 

Lee walker, in Charge of Enforcement, assumed charge 
December 17, 1917. 

Jos. B. Thompson, inspector, appointed April 1; trans- 
ferred and placed in charge of Baking Division, May, 1918. 

J. E. Barnett, inspector, appointed May 6, 1918; served 
until June 4, 1918. 

N. D. Evans, inspector, appointed May 13, 1918; trans- 
ferred to Sugar Division July 10. 

George P. Bauer, inspector, appointed April 13, 1918; 
dropped December 1st, 1918. 

S. P. Dalton, Assistant in Enforcement, appointed 
June 3, 1918. 

W. B. Nowell, Jr., in Charge of Supervision Section, 
Price Publication and Distribution, appointed September 9. 

H. J. Maltby, inspector, inspector in Supervision 
Section, appointed September 4, 1918. 

W. H. Pollard, inspector in Supervision Section, 
appointed September, 1918, volunteer. 

W. A. Kliefoth, inspector, in Supervision Section, 
appointed August, 1918, volunteer. 

N. H. Pyle, Assistant Field Supervisor, appointed 
November 1st. 

Ed Hughes, inspector in Supervision Section, appointed 
August, 1918, volunteer. 

Boyd Harwood, inspector in Supervision Section 
appointed August, 1918, volunteer. 

S. P. Goddard, inspector in Supervision Section, 
appointed August, 1918, volunteer. 

E. M. Majors, inspector in Supervision Section, appointed 
November 16, volunteer. 
In addition to the staff at the ofhce of the Federal Food Administrator for 
Missouri the County and Deputy County Food Administrators constituted members 
of the Enforcement Division. 



Thirty-five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



In St. Louis the Administrator for the City of vSt. Louis was given practically 
complete control of Enforcement for that city and maintained an enforcement 
Division. 



Methods of Enforcement 

Investigations — Investigation of complaints and conditions was usually made 
through County Administrators or their deputies. Inspectors from the State office 
visited County Administrators and made investigations. 

Hearings — In minor cases hearings were held at the office of the County 
Administrator. 

In major cases hearings were held at the Columbia office. 

Where hearings were held by County Administrators they were reported to 
Columbia. No penalties were imposed until hearings were held and a complete 
statement of the facts submitted. 

Penalties — Penalties were enforced only after hearings either at Columbia or 
at the office of the County Administrator. The County Administrator was permitted 
to recommend penalties but not permitted to impose penalties. Minor penalties 
were imposed by the Columliia office and in any cases where action by the Washington 
office was necessary or desirable they were referred there with recommendations. 

The general policy was to insist on voluntary closings rather than money 
contributions. There were some revocations of license and some money contribu- 
tions. In addition there were certain cases where the offender discontinued the sale 
of certain commodities as a penalty and still other cases where the place or business 
was merely posted. 

The principal complaint against MILLS was that they violated the regulations 
fixing prices of wheat mill feeds. Generally such mills were small concerns. Little 
complaint was made against the larger concerns. 

Complaints against WHOLESALERS were for exacting excessive prices. 

Complaints against RETAILERS were numerous. Perhaps the most numerous 
were in order as follows: 

1. vSale of wheat Hour without substitutes. 

2. Sale of excessive quantities of wheat flour. 

3. Exacting excessive profits. 

4. Violations of sugar regulations. 

Complaints against BAKERS were principally failure to use the required 
proportion of substitutes in baking. 



Th irty- six 



MISSOl^RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Perishables 

Numerous cases involving perishables and rejections were adjusted by this 
Division. 

On November 14th the Kansas City Administrator made a statement of the 
settlement of cases of perishable shipments and the following is a ciuotation from 
that statement: 

"Our statement shows that we have had under consideration since August 1st, 
1918, including the forty-two cases which were then unsettled, one hundred and 
fifty-six cases. Of these, seven have been settled by arbitration and one hundred 
and seven by adjustment, while forty-two are pending. Of the forty-two, twenty 
probably will have to be arbitrated." 

Numerous other cases were handled throughout the State in the manner prescribed 
by the Enforcement Division at Washington. 

In this connection it should be stated that the Bureau of Markets at Kansas 
City and vSt. Louis rendered invaluable service in making inspections. Their co- 
operation was perfect. 



Requisition of Wheat 

Prior to the harvest in 191S the Enforcement Division secured the marketing 
of great quantities of wheat which had been withheld from market for various reasons 
by growers. In all some 400 cases were taken up and disposed of by letters written 
direct to the holders of the wheat, followed up not only by other letters but by the 
County Food Administrators. Most of these cases were reported by the Grain 
Corporation whose reports were received from grain dealers throughout the State. 

It was necessary to requisition only one stock of wheat. Wide publicity was 
given the case with the result that no other cases arose. 



Field Supervision Section 

This section was organized in vSeptember, 1918, with the assistance of Mr. M. A. 
Christopher, Field Supervisor, for the purpose of making inspections of the books 
and records of licensees. The system proved to be a great improvement upon the 
old system of reports by licensees. 



Thirty-seven 



MISSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Field Supervision Division 

The Field Supervision Section was established on September 9, when \V. B. 
Newell, Jr., was added to the staff. He also had charge of Price Publication and of 
Distribution. By close co-operation with the Enforcement Division, the work of 
Field Supervision progressed rapidly. 

The work of inspection began the week of September 9th. During the weeks 
beginning vSeptember 16th and 23d, the largest number of inspections were made 
through volunteers, and by Mr. W. H. Pollard and Mr. F. T. Shepard, General Field 
Supervisors. 

Field Supervision work covered the following licensed trades: Wholesale and 
retail groceries, bakers' supply houses, merchandise brokers, creameries, fruit and 
produce dealers, and commission merchants. 

With few exceptions, licensees conformed strictly to the rules and regulations 
since the first inspection was made. Records were improved, and violations of 
maximum margins were so small as to be classified as technicalities. 



Distribution Division 

The Distribution Division was established on September 9, 1918, and W. B. 
Nowell, Jr., placed in charge. 

Distribution problems were confined principally to delivery by retail grocery 
stores and retail meat markets. A large percentage of wholesale grocers, however, 
also adopted the plan of one delivery a day throughout the State. In addition, this 
system was adopted by the dairies, department stores, and many others of less 
importance. The following are the lines of business, listed according to their 
importance as conservation measures: 

Retail Grocers. 

Retail Butchers. 

Dairies. 

Wholesale Grocers and Jobbers. 

Department Stores, etc. 
When the Distribution Division began advocating the one-delivery-a-day plan, 
or the co-operative delivery plan, the following towns were reported as having already 
established this system, as this was begun by the Conservation Division of the State 
Council of Defense in November, 1917, and had extablislied conservation measures 
in^a large number of towns of 2,000 population or more: 



Thirty-eight 



AIIvSSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



St. Louis 
Kirkwood 
West Plains 
Webster Groves 
Sikeston 
Warrensburg 



Cape Girardeau 
Fredericktown 
Maryville 
Kansas City 
Joplin 
Poplar Bluff 



Chillicothe 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Holden 

Elvins 

vSpringfield 



The following additional towns and cities adopted this plan or a plan equally 
as economical, on or before December 1, 1918: 



Nevada 
Brookfield 
Lowry City 
Liberty 
Kahoka 
New Madrid 
Marionville 
Bowling Green 
Washington 



Doniphan 

Mexico 

Sedalia 

Excelsior Springs 

Shelbina 

Weston 

Fulton 

New Haven 

Hannibal 



Lebanon 
Appleton City 
Princeton 
Ironton 
Grant City 
St. Joseph 
Palmyra 
Union 
Marshall 



The following towns discontinued retail delivery entirely: 

Ozark Charleston Waynesville 

Monroe City Caldwell Linn 

Lutesville 

Through this conservation measure, which was very essential during the war, 
it is estimated that the one-delivery-a-day system alone reduced man-power 38 per 
cent and the financial cost was reduced about 42 percent, thus creating a saving to 
the merchants and consumers throughout the state at the rate of about $10,000,000 
annually. 



Educational Division 

The Educational Division came into being when Don D. Patterson was appointed 
Assistant to the Food Administrator on October 29, 1917. Mr. Patterson resigned 
on December 15th to enter an officers' training camp. Vaughn Bryant was appointed 
Publicity Representative to succeed Mr. Patterson on December 17th. In February, 
all Publicity Representatives and Directors of Public Information of the Food 
Administration were designated as Educational Directors, and since that time the 
Publicity Division has been known as the Educational Division. 



Thirty-nine 



MIvSSOT'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Mr. Patterson began issuing a weekly news service for the country papers in 
manuscript form. vSoon after his appointment, Mr. Bryant changed this to printed 
slips containing headlines and so arranged that editors could use the stories in their 
papers with little effort on their part. This news service was used extensively in all 
the country papers of Missouri. 

In addition to this weekly service for country papers, special daily stories and 
features were sent at intervals to the larger daily papers of the State. 

All the newspapers of Missouri showed a splendid spirit of co-operation throughout 
the war and did much to aid in the work of food conservation. 

During the wheat conservation campaign, special pages were prepared by the 
Educational Division for the catalogues of Montgomery Ward & Company. These 
catalogues reached some three million readers, and proved to be an excellent channel 
of publicity, as they went largely into the rural homes where it was necessary to get 
educational matter. Special pages were also prepared for the premium list of the 
Missouri State Fair. This premium list circulated largely in the country districts. 

In March, the Educational Division began issuing a weekly service of ready-to- 
print matter. This service at first was sent to fewer than one hundred country 
papers. This list was soon increased, however, until some four hundred country 
weeklies of Missouri were using this plate service every month. 

The publication of a weekly Food Administration Bulletin was begun on April 
18th. Twenty-two hundred copies of this Bulletin were issued each week, and sent 
to County Food Administrators, Deputies, Women Food Chairmen, Home 
Demonstrators, and other workers in the Food Administration. It was not printed 
for general circulation. It was devoted primarily to the rules and regulations of the 
Food Administration and stories of food conditions in this country and in Europe. 



Sugar Division 

On May 15, 1918, it became necessary to place a man on the staff of the Missouri 
Division to supervise the rationing of manufacturers. 

T. D. Stanford, at that time clerk of the Missouri Agricultural Experiment 
Station, took charge of the work on the above date, with an office force of two 
stenographers and one clerk. This temporary organization was maintained until 
July 1st, when dealers, bakers, and public eating places, in addition to manufacturers, 
were brought under the rationing plan. It was then necesssary to reorganize the 
work and establish a vSugar Division as a separate unit. T. D. Stanford continued 



Forty 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



in charge, with J. B. Thompson, in charge of the Baking Division, assisting in the 
administration of the project. N. D. Evans, previously with the Enforcement 
Division as Inspector, was transferred to the Sugar Division as an assistant about 
July 15, 1918. W. R. Maxwell, formerly Superintendent of Mails of the Columbia 
Post Office, was appointed assistant in the Sugar Division on August 26, 1918, addi- 
tional help being necessary on account of the volume of work. 

With the beginning of the sugar rationing plan it was considered advisable for 
the most efficient working of the plan to decentralize the issue of certificates for 
St. Louis City and Kansas City and Jackson County, to the Administrators of those 
districts. 

It was later necessary to further decentralize by permitting the St. Louis office 
to issue certificates to St. Louis County classes as well as for the city, and to have the 
Food Administrator of Buchanan County issue certificates for that district. 

All of these branch offices were responsible to the Sugar Division at Columbia 
and reported monthly their issue of certificates to each class. 

The Kansas City and St. Joseph offices had a man supervising the distribution 
of certificates, whose salary was paid by the wholesalers and jobbers. This 
arrangement proved very satisfactory. 

Certificates were mailed from all offices to approximately 21,000 dealers, 
manufacturers, public eating places and bakers. 

During July the work was further complicated, through attempting to handle 
individual requests from retailers for canning sugar. This plan proved so impractical 
that it was abandoned for succeeding months and allotment for home canning to 
retailers made in proportion to their household sales. 

The total issue of certificates for the state during the month of July was 15,071,107 
pounds, including that issued for canning and preserving purposes. 

The total issues of certificate to all classes for August was 15,296,748 pounds, 
of which 2,000,000 pounds was for home canning. 

Issue of September certificates was made in regular manner, all at one time, a 
total of 17,063,983 pounds being allotted to all classes, including 3,000,000 pounds for 
home canning. 

October certificates were issued without confusion, the total issue of certificates 
being 17,092,196 pounds, including 3,000,000 pounds for canning and preserving. 

In the issuance of November certificates, due to the fact that the household 
allowance was increased from two pounds to three pounds, after the original issue 
had been completed a second issue was necessary. Certificates for a total of 
18,799,874 pounds were issued. 



Forty-one 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The grand total of certificates issues to all classes for the months July, August, 
September, October and November, was 83,323,908 pounds, or approximately 1,389 
minimum car loads, aggregating 41,562 tons. 

On November 20th, the issue of December certificates was begun and that for 
manufacturers and retailers had been completed when a telegram was received on 
November 30th from Washington, advising that the entire certificates plan had 
been rescinded, effective December 1st. Consequently, the issuance of certifi- 
cates to other classes was discontinued and all County Food Administrators were 
advised by wire of the abandonment of the certification plan for the purchase of 
sugar. 

The 1918 season was a particularly difiicult one for beekeepers, and early in the 
fall the Food Administration indicated that it desired to furnish sufficient sugar to 
beekeepers for feeding their colonies in order that they might be carried through the 
winter. 

County Food Administrators were notified through the Food Administration 
Bulletin that sugar was available for that purpose and that certificates would be 
issued to beekeepers making application to the Sugar Division. 

One hundred fifty-eight applications from forty-seven counties were received at 
the Columbia office alone. Sugar to the amount of 23,205 pounds was provided for 
2610 colonies, or an average of 8.88 pounds per colony. 

Dr. Haseman, of the Entomological Department of the University, estimates 
that there are approximately 225,000 colonies of bees in the State, so that sugar was 
supplied to approximately one per cent of all colonies,' It is Dr. Haseman's opinion 
that this is a good showing, indicating that the beekeepers have taken good care of 
their bees, weeding out the weak colonies and using any stores on hand, rather than 
that they neglected to provide feed for them. 

The saving eft'ected by the rationing plan is stated to be approximately 775,000 
tons of 1,550,000,000 pounds, which is about 17,222 car loads of 90,000 pounds each. 
In other words, enough sugar to supply the households of the State of Missouri with 
sugar on the basis of three pounds per person per month for over twelve years, or an 
army of 2,500,000 men with six pounds per person per month for eight years and seven 
months. 

Missouri's proportion of the saving, figured on the basis of her percentage of 
total allotment to all states, was 93,250 tons or 46,500,000 pounds. Missouri's saving 
alone would have supplied an army of 2,500,000 men with six pounds per person for 
three months and three days. 



FoTty-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The total value of all sugar saved by the rationing plan, figured on the refiners' 
price of $9.00 per hundred, would be $139,500,000,00, while the value of Missouri's 
saving would be $4,185,000.00. 

Considering the State's population to be 3,500,000 the saving per person during 
the operation of the certificate plan was 13. S2 pounds per person. The average 
monthly saving being 2.65 pounds per person. Therefore, Missouri contributed 
toward winning the war in value of sugar saved 23 cents per person per month or a 
total of $1.15 per person during the five months' period. 



County Food Administrators. 

Missouri. 

Name of County Administrator Address 

Adair Thos. J. Dockery Kirks ville. Mo. 

Adrew Mrs. Jacob Baum (Acting) Savannah, Mo. 

Atchison S. H. Prather Tarkio, Mo. 

Audrain J. C. Strock Mexico, Mo. 

Barry Philip Davis Monett, Mo. 

Barton Geo. W. Schreiner Lamar, Mo. 

Bates A. B. Owen Butler, Mo. 

Benton Judge James R. Jones Warsaw, Mo. 

Bollinger F. M. Wells Lutesville, Mo. 

Boone Frank B. Rollins Columbia, Mo. 

Buchanan Elliott Marshall St. Joseph, Mo. 

Butler H. O. Harrawood Poplar Bluff, Mo. 

Caldwell D. N. McClintock Kingston, Mo. 

Callaway R. G. Hale Fulton, Mo. 

Camden Dr. T. J. Feaster Climax Springs, Mo. 

Cape Girardeau. .W. S. Dearmont Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Carroll Newlan Conkling Carrollton, Mo. 

Carter Hon. Joseph L- Huett Van Buren, Mo. 

Cass Judge J. F. Kircher Harrisonville, Mo. 

Cedar W. N. Pickard Eldorado Springs, Mo. 

Chariton S. M. Jordan .Keytesville, Mo. 

Christian H. V. Reid Ozark, Mo. 

Clark T. L. Montgomery Kahoka, Mo. 



Forty-three 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFRNSR 



County Food Administrators — Continued 
Missouri 

Name of County Administrator Address 

Clay Robert S. Withers Liberty, Mo. 

Clinton J. N. Munsell Cameron, Mo. 

Cole J. Frank Morris Jefferson Ciry, Mo. 

Cooper Dr. Arthur VV. Nelson Bunceton, Mo. 

Crawford W. D. Towe Cul)a, Mo. 

Dade J. M. Brickey Areola, Mo. 

Dallas J. E. Ballard Buffalo, Mo. 

Daviess F. S. Tuggle Gallatin, Mo. 

Dekalb A. J. Hitt Maysville, Mo. 

Dent Rev. F. M. Baker Salem, Mo. 

Bo.x 175, 

Douglas M. L. Andrews Bryant, Mo. 

Dunklin A. L. Stokes Maiden, Mo. 

Franklin J. L. Bagby New Haven, Mo. 

Gasconade Clarence Baxter Owensville, Mo. 

Gentry George Ward King City, Mo. 

Greene F. A. Leard Springfield, Mo. 

Grundy F. L. Hudson Trenton, Mo. 

Harrison E. H. Frisby Bethany, Mo. 

Henry Rev. A. N. Lindsey Clinton, Mo. 

Hickory S. D. Pope Hermitage, Mo. 

Holt CD. Zook Oregon, Mo. 

Howard Dr. H. K. Givens Fayette, Mo. 

Howell Will H. Zorn West Plains, Mo. 

Iron W. W. Reese Ironton, Mo. 

Jackson James Ketner Kansas City, Mo. 

Jasper Scott A. Fones Joplin, Mo. 

Jefferson J. vScott Wolff Festus, Mo. 

Johnson A.M. Craig Knobnoster, Mo. 

Knox Fred Wolter, Jr Knox City, Mo. 

Laclede A. F. Billings Lebanon, Mo. 

Lafayette E. M. Taubman Lexington, Mo. 

Lawrence C. C. Plank Aurora, Mo. 

Lewis J. D. Johnson Monticello, Mo. 



Forty-four 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



County Food Administrators — Continued 
Missouri 
Name of County Administrator Address 

Lincoln H. F. Childcrs Troy, Mo. 

Linn George W. Bailey Brookfield, Mo. 

Livingston W. H. Ellett Chillicothe, Mo. 

McDonald Harley H. Sherman Anderson, Mo. 

Macon vSen. W. C. Goodson Macon, Mo. 

Madison C. J. Belken Mine La Motte, Mo. 

Maries Geo. E. Cansler Vienna, Mo. 

Marion W. J. A. Meyer Hannibal, Mo. 

Mercer Geo. T. Mullinax Princeton, Mo. 

Miller H. M. Atwell Tuscumbia, Mo. 

Mississippi Prof. Geo. W. Kirk Charleston, Mo. 

Moniteau Thos. P. Carpenter Tipton, Mo. 

Monroe H. D. Craig Paris, Mo. 

Montgomery Walter vS. Gregory Montgomery City, Mo. 

Morgan Samuel Daniels Versailles, Mo. 

New Madrid George H. Traylor New Madrid, Mo. 

Newton B. H. Caruthers Neosho, Mo. 

Nodaway Fred P. Robinson Maryville, Mo. 

Oregon W. C. Johnson Alton, Mo. 

Osage R. H. Bryan Linn, Mo. 

Ozark Arthur Hutchison Gainesville, Mo. 

Pemiscot C. D. Scott Caruthersville, Mo. 

Perry Chas. E. Kiefner Perryville, Mo. 

Pettis... J. A. Lamy Sedalia, Mo. 

Phelps James A. Spilman Rolla, Mo. 

Pike Robert A. May Louisiana, Mo. 

Platte David A. Chestnut Platte City, Mo. 

Polk Chas. U. Becker Bolivar, Mo. 

Pulaski George M. Reed Waynesville, Mo. 

Putnam John C. McKinley Unionville, Mo. 

Ralls C. T. Lamb New London, Mo. 

Randolph E. J. Howard Moberly, Mo. 

Ray W. T. McGaugh Richmond, Mo. 

Reynolds M. C. Harrison Redford, Mo. 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



County Food Administrators — Continued 
Missouri 



Name of County Administrator Address 



Ripley P- J- Burford Doniphan 

Saline Miss Wyllie Odell Marshall 

Schuyler Walter A. Higbee Lancaster 

Scotland J. E- Luther Memphis 

Scott W. E. Hollingsworth Sikeston 

Shannon Walter Webb Birch Tree 

Shelby W. L. Shouse vShelbina 

St. Charles Martin L. Comann vSt. Charles 

St. Clair Prof. C. E. Higgins Osceola 

St. Francois J. P. Cayce Farmington 

Ste. Genevieve.. William C. Boverie, Ste. Genevieve 

St. Louis City... W. F. Gephart St. Louis 

Washington University, 

St. Louis County. Geo. R. Robinson Kirkwood 

Main and Woodlawn, 

Stoddard J. F. Blankenship Dexter 

Stone W. D. Craig Galena 

Sullivan R. B. Ash Milan 

Taney R. C. Ford Forsythe 

Te.xas C. P. Patton Cabool 

Vernon Chester H. Gray Nevada 

Warren Henry Hollmann Warrenton 

Washington H. C. Bell Potosi 

Wayne G. S. Schlater Patterson 

Webster Seth V. Conrad Marshfield 

Worth W. C. Okey Grant City 

Wright Rev. Guy Willis Holmes Mansfield 



Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 
Mo. 



Forty-six 



M I vS S O U R I COUNCIL < » I- DEFENSE 



Aiding The Draft 



Introduction 

No feature of America's participation in the great war was more remarkable in 
character and degree than in the improvisation and expansion of her great armies 
through the Selective Service Law, more familiarly known as The Draft. 

A radical departure from tradition, and opposed by many who foresaw a repetition 
of the conscript evils of the Civil War, the accomplishment of this vast undertaking 
was a tribute to the capacity of the American people to act with a unanimity in an 
hour of National stress. The formation of a public opinion prepared to receive the 
draft was one of the most important tasks assigned to the Councils of Defense. And 
as the democracy of the draft was demonstrated and its features of Selective Service 
justified, so was public opinion the more soundly moulded in its reception. 

In Missouri, the most cordial relation has existed between the Missouri Council 
of Defense and the Selective Service Department and its Executive Ofhcer, Lt. Col. 
J. H. McCord, in the various specific tasks assigned to the Councils of Defense. The 
requests were made after due collaboration between Col. McCord and officers of the 
Missouri Council of Defense. 



Farewell to Draft Contingents 

September 5, 1917, was made a notable date in the history of Missouri, as it was 
on this occasion that the first cjuota of Missouri men called to the National Army 
departed for the training camps. 

Governor Frederick D. Gardner, in August, issued a proclamation, calling on all 
the people to make the farewell the occasion of a special observance. The Missouri 
Council of Defense, distributing the proclamation to the County Councils of Defense, 
declared: "The actual departure of these Honor Men constitutes a date in Missouri 
and American history that will live as long as the Republic. The Missouri Council 
of Defense, therefore, believes it especially fitting to observe the day with appropriate 
exercises, in the spirit of this proclamation, and calls on the County Councils of 
Defense to take the lead in arranging for the same." 

The instruction letter pointed out further: "These men, under the selective 
draft act, are privileged to go first in defense of their country, under a plan standard- 



Forty-seven 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF D E F E N S E 



izing and rendering uniform tlie conditions of enlistment and service under our Hag. 
They should be honored as they depart to enter the service. 

"Moreover, the occasion of their departure should be made a time when every 
citizen of the State should be brought to realize that the hour for applied service at 
home is here; and that with their going every tax levy, bond issue, Red Cross cam- 
paign or any war demand, should now be the more eagerly accepted and fulfilled." 

Reports to the Missouri Council of Defense showed that this suggestion was 
generally carried out. These steps prepared the way for more elaborate farewells 
later, and led to a special program of preparation for the men as they were called to 
the camps. This subject is more closely linked with the work of the Legal 
Committees and is treated under that head. 



Inquiries as to Exemptions 

The application of the vSelective Service Law, as it related to exemptions, 
particularly those relating to agricultural service, produced a deluge of inquiries. 

In July, 1917, the Missouri Council of Defense prepared a bulletin, describing 
the section of the law relating to agricultural exemptions, particularly setting forth 
what was meant by "necessary employment in agriculture"; and how and by whom 
affidavits in support of, or in opposition to, an exemption claim should be filed. A 
list was appended, showing the formation by counties of the five District Exemption 
Boards. This was given wide distribution among the Councils of Defense, who 
were urged to call meetings through the newspapers of those interested in exemption 
matters and present the substance of the bulletin to the meeting. 

Additional inquiries continued to pour in and in September, 1917, a supplemen- 
tary bulletin was published. In its preamble, it stated: 

"With the Exemption Boards throughout Missouri now actually engaged in the 
enrollment of the manhood of the State, under the selective draft act, inquiries 
continue to pour into the headquarters of the Missouri Council of Defense as to the 
workings of the law, particularly in the matter of exemptions. At a meeting held 
in JefTerson City this week, the members of the various district boards considered 
the law in its numerous phases to arrive at a definite interpretation. 

"For the benefit of the drafted men and the members of the local boards, the 
Missouri Council of Defense has prepared the following resume of the salient points 
of the interpretation. This resume, which is addressed to the drafted men, will at 
once make evident the seriousness with which claims for exemption should be 
made." 



Forty-eight 



M I vS S O IT R I C O U N C I L O F L) Iv I< li N S !{ 



This bulletin dealt with how to file a claim for discharge with the Local Board; 
what the word "Dependent" meant; enumerating persons exempted by virtue of 
office or employment ; how to appeal to the District Board and claim for discharge on 
industrial grounds. 



Finding Skilled Men for General Pershing 

Attention of the County Councils of Defense during February and March, 1918, 
was directed toward rendering assistance to the draft boards in preparing card indexes 
from the questionnaires of registered men, in order to give Provost-Marshal-General 
Crowder information which would aid him in obtaining skilled men for the army. 
It was pointed out that the winning of our victory would depend as much on these 
men as on the soldiers, that the local boards were overworked and that outside 
assistance must be found. It was suggested that the County Councils furnish either 
the necessary clerks by providing compensation for them, or enlisting volunteer help. 
An appeal was made to the school teachers and the response was gratifying. In a few 
weeks, however, the demand for skilled workers multiplied so that it was necessary 
for a new appeal to be made and County Councils were sent the following telegram 
received by Colonel J. H. McCord, Executive Officer Selective Service Law, which 
he had received from General Crowder. 

"The School Teachers of the District of Columbia, answering the President's 
call, have completed the occupational cards for the 30,000 registrants. These men 
and women have worked night and day, unheralded, and unpaid. Many of them 
were strangers in the District, but were impelled by the call of the school teachers 
to the colors. Far behind the battle line they have unconsciously forged the weapons 
of victory. If they will watch the results of their labor as it is transformed into the 
army of American effectiveness, which our Government will use in crushing German 
efficiency, they will feel repaid for their sacrifice. Is it possible to speed up the 
work of your State? A great organization is being built in this office to complete the 
industrial machine; but it must fail if the school teacher neglects this chance to aid 
our country. Will you once again urge your country and city superintendents tc 
pursue this work." 

This resulted in a general speeding up of the program. The work of the County 
Councils of Defense in providing this outside aid for draft boards was termed by 
Colonel McCord as indispensable. 



Forty-nine 



MISvSOURI COUNCIL OK DEFENSE 



Draft Delinquencies 

Rounding up draft delinquents, in accordance with a reciuest from the Provost- 
Marshal-General that a general round-up of all draft delinquents to be made, followed 
the nation wide registration for the men from IS to 46 held on Thursday, September 
12th, 1918. The Missouri Council of Defense conducted a campaign of publicity. 
The campaign was divided under two divisions. First, to give full publicity in the 
new^spapers to the penalties for failing to register, which varied from immediate 
induction in the military service to a term in prison. Second, to arrange for a general 
round-up on the following Monday for all who failed to register, including sick, those 
unavoidably prevented, willful draft dodgers, and delinquents of all classes. 

The slogan of the campaign was "Patriots will register, other must." 
Attributable partly to this campaign, but far more so to the patriotic wave that 
swept the State and Nation, Registration Day, like its predecessors, proved again 
the unity of the Nation in the response of its male population of military age to the 
crisis in hand. The delinciuents of registration were an inconsiderable proportion. 



Registering Men of Twenty-One 

Registration of young men who had attained the age of 21 since June 5, 1917, was 
held on Wednesday, June 5th, 1918, in accordance with the Act of Congress. 

The County and Township Councils of Defense were called upon to give the 
widest publicity to the registration. It was pointed out that great inconvenience 
would come to the young men who should register and fail because of the lack of 
knowledge of the regulations. In this campaign of enlightenment several thousand 
copies of the registration regulations as provided in the President's proclamation 
were printed by the Missouri Council of Defense and distributed to the County and 
Local Councils of Defense. 



Fifty 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Recruiting and Military Aid 



One of the earliest calls for action which the National Council of Defense 
communicated to the Missouri Council of Defense was that of rendering aid to 
recruiting in the Regular Army. The County Councils of Defense of Missouri were 
just getting in process of organization when this order was received. 



Army Recruiting 

Washington, D. C, June 14, 1917. 
Mr. F. B. MUMFORD, Chairman, 

Missouri Council of Defense, 

Columbia, Missouri. 

Attention is called to recruiting situation of the Regular Army of the United 
States. Only two hundred thirty thousand men have been recruited out of full quota 
of three hundred thousand. There has been a very serious falling off in number of 
recruits which since registration day has dropped from ten thousand per day to 
fourteen hundred throughout the entire country. The recruiting officer of your 
district has been instructed by War Department to get in touch with your Council. 
The Council of National Defense hereby requests you to co-operate with such 
officer and to aid in every possible way of speeding up the work of recruiting. Promi- 
nence should be given in local newspapers to campaining for recruits and the aid 
of speakers, bureaus or other means of publicity should be enlisted; particular 
attention is called to fact that men between ages of eighteen and twenty-one and 
thirty-one and forty, inclusive, are eligible for enlistment in regular armyaswellas all 
men who registered for military service. Men engaged in professions or trades 
necessary to prosecution of war should not be enlisted. It is exceedingly important 
that the regular army should be recruited to its full strength with the least possible 
delay and we rely upon you to impress the public with the urgency of the situation. 

Please report progress. 

W. S. GIFFORD, 

Director Council of National Defense. 

This telegram was sent to all the County Chairmen, who were requested to call 
the Council together to take action on the matter. The immediate response to 
this request was highly satisfactory as indicated by increased enlistments from 
every section of the State. 



Fifty-one 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Aviation 

Efforts of the Missouri Council of Defense to assist the Government in its aerial 
program were directed first toward the estalalishment of an aviation camp in the 
State of Missouri. Through the Missouri Fair Board the grounds of the State Fair 
at Sedalia and all the buildings located thereon were tendered to the Government, 
and arrangements made to lease 2000 acres adjoining. The offer was not accepted. 

In August, 1917, Mr. I. B. Dunlap of Kansas City, a member of the Missouri 
Council of Defense, was made Chairman of the Aviation and Camp Site Committee. 
At the same time he was designated by the War Department to receive application 
for commission in the aviation section of the signal corps. Mr. Dunlap's office at 
10 W. 9th Street, was used as an office to receive applications. All the County Coun- 
cils of Defense were informed of the opportunity to enter this branch of service. 
They were requested to secure publication of the announcement in County 
newspapers. 

The success of this campaign was attested by the establishment in Kansas City 
of an aviation examining board by the Government in November, 1917. On Novem- 
ber 22, 1917, an instruction letter was sent to all Chairmen of County Councils of 
Defense, stating in part: "The Missouri Council of Defense, through Mr. LB. Dunlap, 
Chairman of the Aviation Committee, has succeeded in locating an aviation examining 
board in Kansas City where applicants for this highly attractive service will be 
examined from adjacent portions of Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma 
and Arkansas." The form of application, training, pay and ciualification were 
described. The letter concluded "That the war will be won in the air is the theory 
held by many close students of the conflict. In building the air forces, the Govern- 
ment has established six of these examining boards throughout the country, and 
eight military schools, operating in connection with the leading colleges. Many men 
of draft age in this community are certain to be interested in this special branch of 
service." 



Military Units in Missouri Colleges 

As the military program of the Nation advanced into its second year, the 
Government decided upon the establishment of mihtary organizations in all colleges 
having an enrollment of one hundred or more young men between the ages of 18 and 21. 



Fifty-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The plan was described in an instruction letter sent to the County Councils of 
Defense. The purpose of the plan, which was explained was: First, to encourage 
students to continue their college work, and second, to provide military training for 
those under the draft age. The County Councils were asked to publish the 
opportunity widely in all papers in the State, and especially to urge all young men 
under the draft age to enroll in some college. 



Better Remounts for Army Service 

By resolution adopted by the Missouri Council of Defense in session in vSt. Joseph 
Missouri, in November, 1917, steps were taken calculated to affect a practical and 
economical stimulation and encouragement of "country buying" of horses and mules 
for the Army. The resolution as formulated and forwarded to the proper State 
authorities follows: 

RESOLVED, That it is especially desired by this Council that the Department 
of Animal Husbandry of the State Agricultural College and the \'eterinarian of the 
State Board of Agriculture be reciuested to detail such men as are necessary, and at 
such times as they are called, to assist the Government in general campaign of educa- 
tion so that the farmers and breeders of this State may know the needs, reciuirements 
and specifications of army horses and mules, to the end that the State may better 
serve the Government and that the farmer may come in closer individual contact 
with the Government's needs and the breeding and marketing of the recjuired type 
of army horses and mules thereby be intelligently encouraged. 

In response to this resolution Mr. E. A. Trowbridge, Professor of Animal Hus- 
bandry, was made Chairman of the Committee on the Purchase of War Horses from 
Missouri farmers. On January 18th, as a part of the program of the Missouri Farmers' 
Week, at Columbia, this Committee, through Professor Trowbridge, carried out an 
inspection of artillery and cavalry horses. On this occasion the Quartermaster's 
Office in Kansas City, Colonel W. S. Valentine in charge, detailed Captain 
H. L. Casey, Lieutenant O. C. Alexander, Lieutenant H. L. Ragsdale and Messrs. 
L. L. Mulvihill and J. H. Ramsey, as an Inspection Board. The inspection was held 
before a large audience of farmers. In round numbers 225 horses and mules were 
brought before the Board, and from this lot a carload of horses was selected. $170.00 
was the price paid for the artillery horses and $145.00 the price for cavalry horses. 



Fifty-three 



MISSOITRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Photographs of War Activities 

In April, 1918, a request was received from the War Plans Division of the General 
Staff of the Army to assist it in compiling a pictorial history of the war. The County 
Councils of Defense were called on to make a voluntary appeal to the photographers 
and newspapers of their communities to assist in gathering these photographs, many 
of which were received through the office of the Missouri Council of Defense and 
forwarded to Washington. 

Pictures and photographs desired included those showing the departure of local 
troops to the training camps, or to the points of eml)arkation; the activities of local 
war relief societies; including Red Cross and food administrations; the arrests di 
enemy aliens and suspects; the destruction of property attributable to enemy activi- 
ties; sales campaigns for government bonds and war stamps; visits of foreign officials; 
military equipment and methods of manufacture of equipment; the drilling of home 
defense organizations; draft scenes; enlisting scenes; entertaining of troops and 
photographs of local commissions, boards and committees engaged in public service, 
in connection with the war; scenes of loyalty gatherings. 



British Subjects in Missouri 

Captain R. V. Sammis, officer commanding the British-Canadian Recruiting 
Commission in Kansas City, in January, 1917, called on the Missouri Council of De- 
fense to assist in locating British subjects claiming exemption from draft of the United 
States, some who were not married and without unusual responsibilities. The 
assistance was approved by the Missouri Council of Defense at its meeting in 
Columbia, January 15th, and the Secretary directed to write to the Chairman of 
the County Councils of Defense, instructing them to make a list of the British subjects 
in their counties who might enlist in the army or navy. 

According to Captain Sammis and Lieutenant Cameron, in charge of the British- 
Canadian Recruiting Commission in St. Louis, these steps resulted in a material 
increase in recruiting British subjects in Missouri. 



Fifty-four 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Missouri Home Guard 



The Missouri National Guard units were mustered into Federal service on 
August 5, 1917. With their prospective withdrawal the State faced a condition of 
defenselessness against any disorder which might arise within its confines. This 
condition, with its grave possibilities in the stress of war, was recognized throughout 
the State, and on the 17th of July, Governor Gardner issued a proclamation for the 
organization of home guards, to be formed on the plan of the national guards and 
subject to service anywhere in the State, but not outside of it. 

The organization of these bodies of men not only constituted an insurance against 
disorders at home, but was recognized as a means of stimulation of the patriotic 
feeling and spirit. 



Aid of Missouri Council of Defense 

With the office of the Adjutant-General overburdened with the numberless calls 
incident to war and the mobilization of the National Guard, the formation of the 
Home Guard organizations was a task assigned to the Missouri Council of Defense 
through its County Councils of Defense. The authority for these organizations was 
contained in the Governor's proclamation which follows: 

Whereas, there is a general recognition throughout the State of the 
immediate need of an adequate home defense in the different sections 
of the State, on account of the approaching withdrawal on August 5th, 
of all of the National Guard units of Missouri into Federal service, and 
Whereas, under the provisions of the Constitution and laws of 
Missouri, and particularly under Section 8373, Revised Statutes of 
Missouri, the Governor is given the express power to "organize and 
muster into the service such forces as may be necessary in the temporary 
absence of the National Guard." And, 

Whereas, it is necessary that all units be organized under the 
immediate direction of the Governor, now, 

Therefore, I, Frederick D. Gardner, Governor of the State of 
Missouri, hereby direct the Missouri State Council of Defense to at 
once take upon themselves the immediate organization of a body of 
men for home defense in the different cities and sub-divisions of the 
State; and to that end 



Fifty-five 



M I vS S O IT R I COUNCIL OF D E F R N vS E 



(a) Call to their aid all able-bodied men, irrespective of age, and 
not in conllict with the draft of the Federal Government; 

(b) Co-operate with County and City Councils of Defense, and such 
local auxiliary committees as the State Council of Defense may select 
or recognize; 

(c) Provide for the temporary officering by men recommended to the 
Governor by the Adjutant-General of the State, who will select the best 
ciualified men for the purpose, in consultation with the Council of Defense 
and the local committees recognized by said Council. 

(d) This body for home defense will serve as volunteers in this hour 
of nation's need, without compensation, and each local community will 
provide uniforms as may be needed. It is expected that arms and 
ammunition will be provided under the provisions of the recent Act of 
Congress approved June 14, 1917. 

(e) Any citizen contemplating the formation of a Home Guard of 
any character should communicate at once with the Missouri Council 
of Defense at Jefferson City, and act in accordance wtih the rules of 
said Council. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to 
be affixed the Great vSeal of the State of Missouri. 

Done at the City of Jefferson, this 17th day of July, A. D. 1917. 

FREDERICK D. GARDNER. 



Counties Receive Instructions 

On July 23, the State Council of Defense sent to all its County Chairmen this 
proclamation and a bulletin instructing them to take up the immediate organization 
of Home Guards. They were urged to call County and Township Councils of Defense 
meetings at once and appoint Committees on Enrollment and Finance. It wa.s 
recommended they use in organizing their Home Guards companies any retired 
officers and honorably discharged enlisted men of the National Guard. 

The response throughout the State overtaxed all facilities. In three months' 
time it was estimated more than twelve thousand persons sought enlistment in the 
Home Guards, the applications exceeding all limitations of the Adjutant-General's 
office for mustering in, training and equipping with arms. In localities where the 
organizations appeared to be desirable and which were rounding out in process of 



Fifty -six 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



organization, instructions were sent to maintain their organization until they could 
be properly mustered into service. 

With better adv'antages of organization, finance and geographical situation, the 
Home Guard organizations in the cities rose quickly to a state of efficiency. Regular 
drills were held in National Guard Armories. Frequently they participated in 
parades and other patriotic demonstrations. 

In May, 1918, the Second Regiment of Kansas City, as it was then known, had 
reached a point in its efficiency which justified its induction into the Federal service. 
This was done with the approval of the War Department, the organization becoming 
the Seventh National Guard of Missouri. 

On January 1, 1919, the total strength of the Missouri Home Guard was 7,529, 
consisting of five regiments of infantry, five separate battalions, twenty-two separate 
companies of infantry and one troop of cavalry. 

The commanding officers and the localities of their organizations were as follows: 
Brigade Headquarters, Brigadier General Harvey C. Clark, Commanding, 

Jefferson City, Mo. 
First Regiment, Colonel Philip B. Fouke, St. Louis. 
Second Regiment, Colonel Ed. S. Finch, Springfield, Carthage, Joplin, Webb City, 

Aurora, Ash Grove, Fair Grove, Marionville. 
Third Regiment, Colonel H. Chouteau Dyer, St. Louis. 
Fourth Regiment, Colonel Fred W. Nichols, St. Joseph, Maryville, Maysville, 

Pattonsburg, Gilman City, vSpickard, Powersville, Lancaster, Kirksville, 

Lewistown, Durham. 

Fifth Regiment, Major (Acting Colonel) Ewing Cockrall, Warrensburg, vSlater, 
Holden, Sweet »Springs, Boonville, Bunceton, Prairie Home, Marshall, 
Jefferson City, Otterville, Tipton, Chamois. 

First Separate Battalion. vSt. James, Newburg, Yancy Mills, Rolla. 

Second Separate Battalion, Major Allen L. Oliver. Cape Girardeau, Jackson, 
Parma, Lilbourn. 

Third Separate Battalion. Downing, Memphis, Kahoka, Canton. 

Fifth Separate Battalion, Major F. Warner Karling, Kansas City. 

Sixth Separate Battalion, Major Henry N. McCoy, Independence, Buckner, Lee's 
Summit. 

Forty-fifth Separate Company, Latour. 

Forty-ninth Separate Company, Mt. Vernon. 



Fifty-seven 



MIvSSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Fifty-second Separate Company, Chillicothe. 
Fifty-third vScparate Company, Albany. 
Fifty-fourth Separate Company, Neosho. 
Fifty-sixth Separate Company, Granby. 
Fifty-seventh vSeparate Company, Fairview. 
Sixty-first Separate Company, Willard. 
Sixty-second Separate Company, New Hampton. 
Sixty-third Separate Company, Fortuna. 
Sixty-fifth Separate Company, Windsor. 
Sixty-sixth vScparate Company, Columl^ia. 
vSixty-seventh Separate Company, Mountain Grove. 
Sixty-eighth Separate Company, Crane. 
Sixty-ninth Separate Company, Richmond. 
Seventieth vSeparate Company, vSt. Charles. 
Seventy-third Separate Company, W'heaton. 
Seventy-fourth Separate Company, Vandalia. 
Seventy-fifth Separate Company, Kidder. 
Seventy-sixth Separate Company, Ridgeway. 
Seventy-seventh Separate Company, Butler. 
Seventy-eighth Separate Company, Miller. 



The Johnson County Drill Plan 

Another sphere of usefulness for the Home Guard organizations was conceived 
in the summer of 1918 by Major Ewing Cockrell of Warrensburg, that of furnishing 
preliminary military instruction and drill for registrants in Class 1 of the Selective 
Service enrollment. This was tried out in Johnson County. Statistics gathered 
showed that eighty per cent of the Class 1 registrants in the county formed a permanent 
attendance at systematic drills. On these occasions, in addition to the military 
instruction, suggestions covering health and legal matters were given to the men, 
and some entertainment features carried out. In this work the Johnson County 
Council of Defense had a part. 

The success of this plan caused an expansion of its purpose to include nine coun- 
ties, represented broadly by the Fifth Infantry, Missouri Home Guard. Major 
Cockrell visited the counties in question and raised among the officers of the Home 
Guard units the necessary instructors. The plan was getting well under way when 
the armistice was signed. 



Fifty-eight 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Direction of Home Guards 

The preliminary organization of the Home Guard units was under the direction 
of James H. McCord, Adjutant-General. On January 2, 1918, Brigadier-General 
Harvey C. Clark succeeded General McCord as Adjutant-General, under whose 
direction the organizations were completed and their conduct continued to the 
present time. Throughout, the County Councils of Defense continued to perform 
such functions of assistance as they were instructed to give from time to time. 



Fifty-nine 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Elimination of Enemy Language and 
Influences 



The Missouri Council of Defense early began and maintained a continued fight to 
eliminate the use of the enemy tongue and enemy influences, as injurious and a 
deterrent to the various War Fund and Government Loan Campaigns, as undermining 
the civilian morale of the nation, and as possessing possibilities of grave concern to 
the integrity of the nation at war. Lacking the fiat of statutory origin and depending 
entirely upon the good sense and patriotism of the people as a whole to carry out its 
reciuests, the Missouri Council of Defense adopted a policy of appealing for compliance 
with its requests through voluntary co-operation, rather than invoking compulsory 
orders. 

This democratic method demonstrated its good results, eventually bringing 
into support of the Governmental policies a large and on the whole well disposed 
portion of our people. 

At its meeting in Cape Girardeau, July 12, 1918, the Missouri Council of Defense 
adopted the following address which was given a wide publicity throughout the 
State: 

"To the People of Missouri: 

The Missouri Council of Defense heartily approves the patriotic efforts of 
Governor Frederick D. Gardner to abolish the use of the German language in this 
State. 

The Missouri Council of Defense is opposed to the use of the German language 
in the schools, churches, lodges and in public meetings of every character. The 
Council believes that the elimination of German and the universal use of English at 
all such gatherings, is essential to the development of a true, patriotic sentiment 
among all the people. 

The general adoption of English by all patriotic German organizations is a 
national duty and prompt action by all such will be regarded by loyal Americans 
as the clearest evidence of loyalty and a sincere determination to help and not hinder 
the American Nation in this war. 

Loyal and zealous Americans should refrain from violence and disorder and under 
no circumstances, and no conditions, should our own people be guilty of injustice, 
oppression or atrocious conduct toward any class of our citizens." 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



With the issuance of this public address, there began to be received in the office 
of the State Council a numlxT of voluntary acceptances to the recjuest, coming from 
churches and parochial institutions maintained by congregations where worship was 
maintained principally in the German tongue. This continued for several months, 
there seemingly being a friendly rivalry between congregations of diverse faith for 
the substitution of English as the language of worship. Occasionally the use of the 
German tongue was retained for the confession, or as the language of communication 
for the pastor and older members of the congregation. 



German Newspapers 

In June, 1918, in response to a request of the Council of National Defense, the 
Missouri Council of Defense conducted a survey of the German language newspapers 
in Missouri, as to number, record of loyalty and willingness to co-operate with 
Government war campaigns. It was the view of the Council of National Defense 
that the foreign language newspapers of the country were at the time, except in the 
most isolated instances, in spirit patriotic and loyal. 

The conference of these papers was held in St. Louis, June 26th. The conference 
developed that since the beginning of the war the German language newspapers had 
decreased in number from fifteen to ten, that several of them were printing half 
English, and that others were preparing to cease publication or printing exclusively 
in the English language. They reported a unanimous willingness to co-operate with 
the Government. A record of the survey was made to the Missouri Council of Defense 
and to the Committee on Public Information as recjuested. 



Halting German Over Telephone Lines 

Two Missouri Counties, Cass and Linn, through their Councils of Defense, 
prohibited the use of the German tongue over telephones. An order was transmitted 
to the telephone lines operating in the counties, and given publicity in the newspapers. 



Suppressing Disloyalty 

The spread of enemy influences was by no means confined to the enemy tongue. 
One of the early undertakings of the State Council of Defense was that of suppressing 
disloyal criticism of the Government, and to suppress in their incipiency all disloyal 



Sixty-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



activities. Each County Council of Defense was instructed to form a Committee on 
Disloyal Activities. In many counties the vigilance of the Chairman served to 
perform the functions of this Committee. 

In Henry County a plan of suppression of disloyalty was put into operation which 
served as a model in Missouri and received favorable mention from Federal authorities 
at Washington. 



Disloyal Investigations 

Hundreds of reports of alleged disloyal activities were made by County Chairmen 
to the State headquarters of the Missouri Council of Defense. The General practice 
was followed of certifying statements, together with all information obtainable to 
the Federal authorities at Kansas City and St. Louis. A large number of these 
investigations revealed that the offenders were guilty of unpatriotic remarks or 
actions, but were within the law. Where circumstances warranted, investigations 
were made by an investigator sent from the Jefferson City headciuarters. 



Confidential Character of Council Activities 

It must be remembered that a material part of the work which has been done by 
the Missouri Council of Defense throughout the war is of a confidential nature. It is 
not proper that some of these activities be given publicity in a report of this kind 
since a record of these activities would involve printing the names of many citizens 
of this State. Throughout the existence of the Councilit has been our uniform policy 
to handle with patience persons in the State who have been guilty of disloyal 
utterances or of activities closely bordering upon a violation of the Espionage Act. 
It has, however, also been the policy of the Council to carry through all investiga- 
tions of such disloyalty with a view to rendering impartial justice in every case. 

All the fdes and records of the Council of Defense have been officially transferred 
to the Missouri State Historical Society. These records are public property and 
may be consulted at any time in the future. 



Sixty-three 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Speaking Activities 



No activity of the Missouri Council of Defense yielded more tangible results 
than the sustained campaign to carry the message of the Government and State by 
by the spoken word. 

The speaking activities of the State Council of Defense may be broadly divided 
under the head of the Speakers' Bureau of the State Council and of the various 
counties, and of the Four-Minute Men. The work of the latter body was particularly 
effective in the cities and larger towns. The Speakers' Bureau, directing the various 
County Speakers' Bureaus, performed an indispensable task in conducting our people 
through the successive stages of education as to why we were at war, and how and 
why the individual could best serve and contribute to the winning of the final victory. 



The Patriotic Speakers' Bureau 

The Patriotic Speakers' Bureau of the Missouri Council of Defense was formed 
in August, 1917, the first Speakers' Committee consisting of C. F. Enright, Jefferson 
City; Edwin C. Meservey, Kansas City; E. M. Grossman, St. Louis; W. P. Kimberlin, 
Sedalia; Cowgill Blair, Oronogo; and Sydney J. Roy, Hannibal. 

The purpose of the Speakers' Bureau was to mobilize public opinion and stimulate 
patriotic service by the people of Missouri. It endeavored to do this by increasing 
the interest of the citizens in the appeals of the Government, both federal and state, 
and by official and semi-official organizations for support of specific war service. 

Speakers' Bureaus were shortly organized in over seventy comities, listing 
speakers from townships and three or four from the larger towns. The Chairman of 
the County Bureau directed the national speakers and also had charge of patriotic 
slides, posters and publicity. Since the establishment of this Bureau in August, 
1917, 300 speakers filled 2,000 engagements, addressing a million people. 

Valuable assistance was given the Speakers' Bureau by the Speaking Division 
of the Committee on Public Information at Washington. Of the total number of 
out-of-state speakers used during the operation of the Bureau, forty-two were obtained 
from the Committee on Public Information. Most of the speakers thus secured 
came from a selected group of speakers, and many of them had luiusual advantages 
for the observation of war conditions in Europe. 



Sixty-five 



M I vS vS O IT R I COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The State Council co-operated with the organizations engaged in the following 
speaking campaigns: Liberty Loan, War Saving Stamps, Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., 
K. of C, War Camp Community Service, Salvation Army, Jewish Relief Society, 
Friends of German Democracy and other patriotic institutions including many of 
which are local in character. 

The Bureau furnished speakers for County Councils of Defense, Chambers of 
Commerce, Lodges, Clubs, Churches, Schools, Fraternities, Fairs, County Institutes, 
Labor Unions, Chautauc}uas, Food Meetings, State Conference for Social Welfare, 
Packing Houses, Factory Patriotic Clubs and many other organizations that aided 
in the successful prosecution of the war. 

The Secretary of the Patriotic Speakers' Bureau sent National and State 
literature to the three hundred State Speakers. 



Principal Speakers Who Made Addresses in Missouri Under the Direction 
of the Speakers' Bureau, State Council of Defense 

Speaker Representing 

Lieut. Paul Perigord, of the French Army Committee on Public Information. 

Crawford Vaughn, ex-Premier of Australia Committee on Public Information. 

Lieut. Hector MacQuarrie, British Army Committee on Public Information. 

Dr. Mitchell Carroll, President American 

Archaeological College Committee on Public Information. 

Mrs. Martha Nelson McCan, Lecturer Committee on Public Information. 

Comtesse Madeline De Bryas, Lecturer Committee on Public Information. 

Mrs. Burnett Smith, Lecturer Committee on Public Information. 

Henry Reisenberg Committee on Public Information. 

Lieut. Robert Bagues, Member French High 

Commission Committee on Public Information. 

Brigadier-General Lee, British Army Committee on Public Information. 

H. C. Culbertson Committee on Public Information. 

Major Carson McCormick Committee on Public Information. 

Dr. Hugh Birchead Committee on Public Information. 

R. C. Hasserich Committee on Public Information. 

Arthur Bestor, Director Speaking Division Committee on Public Information. 

Corporal George Barnes Pershing's Army. 

Corporal Harry Harrison Pershing's Army. 



Sixty-six 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Speaker Representing 

Corporal Barney E. Pogue Pershing's Army. 

Corporal Louis Blythe Pershing's Army, 

Lord Dunmore, P^nglish Embassy. 
Ex-Governor Eberhard of Minnesota. 
Madame Guerin. 

Bruce Kennedy Food Administration. 

J. H. Hallowell Food Administration. 

Clara Steichen Food Administration. 

Edward Trefz Food Administration. 

Don Fansworth Food Administration. 

Mrs. William Ogden Wade Food Administration. 

Colonel Wardlaw Milne, British Vice Council. 

Prof. Bertram G. Nelson, Professor of English and Public 

Speaking Chicago University. 

Rev. W. C. Bitting, Pastor Second Baptist Church, St. Louis St. Louis . 

Rev. John J. Glennon, Archbishop of St. Louis St. Louis. 

Rev. E. V. Ghidoni, Italian Army Missouri Council of Defense. 

Sir Frederick H. Smith, Attorney General of 

England Committee on Public Information. 

Dr. George E. Vincent, Head of the Rockefeller 

Foundation Committee on Public Information. 

Hon. Gurney E. Newlin, Representative of Council of National 

Defense and \J . S. Shipping Board Washington, D. C. 

Hon. Frederick D. Gardner, Governor Missouri Council of Defense 

Dr. Mitchell Carroll Food Administration. 

Mrs. Vernon Kellogg Food Administration. 

Hon. Wallace Crossley Missouri Fuel Administration. 

Sergeant Wolff Canadian Army. 

Private Frank Woodgate Canadian Army. 



Four-Minute Men 

The Missouri Council of Defense financed the organization of the Four-Minute- 
Men and worked in co-operation with the State Director in extending the organization 
throughout the State, giving its moral support and such practical aid in the selection 
of personnel of the members as its local organization could furnish. 



Sixtv-seien 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Ten patriotic citizens of the State guaranteed the expenses of the Four-Minute- 
Men organization to a maximum of $10,000.00 and their aid thus freely given, according 
to a report of the Four-Minute-Men, was a not insignificant factor of the work. The 
Missouri Council of Defense by appropriations of funds eventually relieved these 
guarantors' liability. 

The plan of the Four-Minute work originated in Chicago. It was the original 
idea of Mr. Donald M. Ryerson, who was also the first National Director. He was 
succeeded by Mr. William McCormack Blair and under his direction the bulk 
of the organizing work was done. The present National Director is Mr. William H. 
Ingersoll. The work in Missouri and several neighboring states has been in direct 
charge of Associate National Director, T. J. Meek. The State organization was in 
its beginning placed in charge of Mr. E. M. Grossman of St. Louis, to whose wise 
guidance, the organization in its infancy is greatly indebted. He was succeeded by 
Mr. L. L. Leonard, who completed the State organization, sustained its energies 
and directed its forces until final dissolution on January 20th. 

The work of the Four-Minute-Men was divided into three departments: 

First: The work of the Four-Minute-Men was incessant and continuous. They 
worked fifty-two weeks in a year. At varying intervals, they would receive their 
bulletins from Washington Headquarters, through the State headquarters, containing 
a wealth of material on a particular Message that the Administration desired to 
reach the ears of the people. 

The Four-Minute-Men organization originally operated in moving-picture shows 
alone, to rouse the audiences to the necessity of making sacrifices for their country 
in this war. In the moving-picture field, of course, the work was necessarily limited, 
but the tremendous results obtained in that field caused national headquarters to 
instruct that the work be expanded so that every ready-made audiences in the nation 
should receive the Messages, and day after day, these devoted men and women 
carried the inspirational Message of the Government into all gatherings of the people 
of their communities, preaching Americanism, teaching patriotism and rousing the 
people to the defense of the nation in its hour of need. 

Second: A Speakers' Bureau was maintained and speakers furnished on patriotic 
subjects to all meetings wherever requested. These speeches were on general 
patriotic lines and entirely independent of the routine work of delivering the Govern- 
ment's Messages. 

Third: The Four-Minute-Men were charged with the duty of the patriotic 
inspiration of the people of their communities. Thus the "Four-Minute-Men" 
Singers were organized throughout the state as one branch of this inspirational work 



Sixty-eight 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



and too much praise cannot be given to them. The inspiration of the spoken word 
was fortified by the inspiration derived from the appeal to the emotions made by 
song. In every manner possible, the Four-Minute-Men aroused the patriotic enthu- 
siasm of the people and kept before them a keen appreciation of the magnitude of the 
struggle in which we were engaged. 

At the date of the signing of the Armistice, namely November 11th, 1918, there 
were approximately 70,000 speakers in the United States, addressing a daily audience 
of approxmiately 7,000,000 people. In the State of Missouri, the Four-Minute-Men 
organization numbered nearly 4,000 patriotic men and women. There were approxi- 
mately 3,000 speakers and singers, working under the guidance of approximately 700 
chairmen. 



Sixty-nine 



MISSOl^RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Legal Committees 



In the spring of 1918, as the great machine of the draft was completing its first 
program, with two million men under arms and with the prospects of millions more 
to be called into service, the need for mobilizing the legal profession to give free 
legal advice to the men in the service and their families became a necessity. 

In compliance with a request of the Council of National Defense suggesting 
the formation of a State Legal Committee and the formation of County Legal Com- 
mittees in all Counties, Chairman Frederick B. Mumford of the Missouri Council of 
Defense named the following State Legal Committee: 

Hon. Frank W. McAllister, Jefferson City, Chairman, 

Hon. Peyton A. Parks, Clinton, 

Hon. A. Stanford Lyon, Kansas City, 

Judge Howard Gray, Carthage, 

Hon. Morton Jourdan, St. Louis, 

Hon. Ben. J. Woodson, St. Joseph, 

Hon. N. A. Mozley, Dexter. 
The Committee met to organize at the Planters Hotel in St. Louis at ten o'clock, 
Monday, April 15th, 1918, the entire Committee being present. The duties of the 
County Legal Committee were briefly summarized by Chairman McAllister, as 
follows: 

1. To explain the selective service law to drafted men. 

2. To give legal advice as to the benefits of war risk insurance, allotment of 
soldiers' and sailors' pay by the Federal Government, government family allowance, 
the soldiers' and sailors' civil rights act just passed, and other war emergency laws, 
both state and federal, passed or which might be enacted. The Committee should 
also assist in drawing up the papers necessary to be filed to claim the benefits of the 
foregoing laws. 

3. To draft wills and attend to the caring for the property and settling the 
business affairs of men entering the service. 

4. To represent soldiers and sailors in court where necessary and obtain for 
them the benefits of the civil rights act. 

5. To arrange to attend to such business matters as reciuire and are capable of 
attention in the absence of men in the service. 

6. Report to the Home Service Section of the Red Cross cases requiring relief 
which come to the attention of the committee. 



Seventy-one 



MISSOURI COITNCIL OF DEFENSE 



In establishing these County Committees it was decided that the State Legal 
Committee should name a County Chairman in each County, who, upon receiving 
notice of appointment, should select two other members of the bar as his associates, 
the three constituting the County Legal Committee. 

It was suggested that as soon as possible the Chairman should call a meeting of 
the members of the bar of the county and ascertain the names of all who were willing 
to render voluntary service under the direction of the Committee. 

On this occasion the State Legal Committee laid stress on the fact that nc member 
of the Committee, or any of the volunteers working under it, should charge or accept 
any fee or compensation for any services rendered. The Committee then made 
their nominations of County Chairmen in the counties, and adjourned. 

The response to the call was remarkable. In a week's time county organizations 
had been effected in 70 counties, and in a month, more than 100 counties had completed 
their organization. In several counties the Circuit Judge called the entire bar 
before him and made of the plan a record of the court. 



Distribution of Laws and Literature 

As rapidly as the County Legal Committees were formed there was distributed 
to them from the office of the Missouri Council of Defense a large amount of literature 
and printed matter describing the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Rights Act, the plan 
of allotments and of soldiers' insurance, these measures being of primary importance 
to the soldier and his relatives. 

The Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Rights Act was passed to protect the soldier 
against unfair law suits and foreclosure of mortgages and to enable lawyers and 
judges to represent him and defend his rights in his absence. As each case was 
individual in itself, every soldier was urged to see a lawyer before departing for camp 
and with his aid apply the benefits of these two measures to the best advantage. 

Because of their recent passage there was a tremendous demand for these measures 
from the lawyers of the vState, and about 5,000 copies were distributed. 



Farewells for Drafted Men 

In July, 1918, a plan was initiated and put into effect through the County Councils 
of Defense, working usually in co-operation with the local draft board, whereby each 



Seventy-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



draft contingent was given a program of farewell on departure. The plan included a 
short talk to the men from a lawyer, a doctor and a military man. The purpose 
being to send the soldier away to camp in good spirits and high resolve. 

It was contended that to fight well a man must be free from worry, and that he 
could not be free from worry unless he knew his business and financial affairs were 
taken care of. 



Co-operation With the Red Cross 

Immediately on being organized, the County Legal Committees were instructed 
to maintain a close co-operation with the Home Service Section of the various Red 
Cross Chapters. The Red Cross Chapters were instructed to report all cases recjuir- 
ing legal relief or attention to a member of the County Legal Committee. This 
co-operation was maintained throughout. 

With the dissolution of the Missouri Council of Defense on January 10th, a request 
was made by the Southwestern Division, American Red Cross, that these Committees 
be continued under the direction of the Red Cross. 



Seven fy-f/iree 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 

Woman's Committee, Council of National 
Defense, Missouri Division 



At the request of the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, also upon 
the invitation of the State Council of Defense, Mrs. Philip N. Moore, a member of the 
National Woman's Committee on May 28, 1917, called a meeting of the Presidents 
of all the State organizations of Women for the purpose of organizing the Missouri 
Woman's Committee. Thirty-seven organizations were represented at this meeting. 
Mrs. Moore acted as temporary chairman and explained the purpose of the organiza- 
tion. Mr. M. L- Wilkinson, representing the Missouri Council of Defense, pledged 
the support of that body. Mrs. B. F. Bush was elected permanent chairman and 
Miss Elizabeth Cueny, executive secretary, the latter serving until August when she 
was succeeded by Mrs. Olive B. Swan. 

The Departments in which this work was subdivided are: Organization, 
Finance, Registration, Courses of Instruction, Health and Recreation, Food 
Production, Food Administration, Americanization, Speakers, Patriotic Education, 
Women in Industry, Liberty Loan, Red Cross, Child Welfare, Maintenance of Existing 
Social Agencies, Eleemosynary and Punitive Institutions, Community Singing, 
Publicity. 

Organization — The State was organized into eleven districts, each presided over 
by a Vice Chairman, the organization then extending to the Counties and Towns. 
With the exception of one county, Osage, an organization was perfected in each 
county, there being 710 town organizations, 237 township organizations, and 137 
school district organizations or community councils at present time. In September 
1917, the State Chairmen of the Woman's Committee was appointed by the Governor 
a member of the Council of Defense and the County and township Chairmen were 
appointed members of corresponding councils of Defense by the Chairman of the State 
Council of Defense. 

Finance — The work of the Woman's Committee was financed by voluntary 
subscriptions and appropriations made by the Council of Defense. In September, 

1917, the Council of Defense made an appropriation of $2,800.00 to this work in January, 

1918, an appropriation of $300.00 a month, which was continued up to the time of their 
disorganization, at which time an additional appropriation of $1,500.00 was made to 
enable the Woman's Committee to wind up its work in a satisfactory manner. 



Seventy-five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Registration — July 28th was proclaimed by the Governor as Registration Day 
for Women and on that day llS,4i)G women registered for service. Since that date 
12,294 additional registrations have been received. 

Courses of Instruction — Intensive courses were inaugurated in stenography, 
accounting, bookkeeping, telegraphy, filing, salesmanship and the use of Office 
Appliances and many young women fitted to accept positions vacated by reason of the 
draft. Surveys were made of industrial conditions in order to know where women 
could replace men in cases of necessity and many women were so placed. On 
December 2nd, 1918, a vSchool in Occupational Therapy was opened in St. Louis to 
train women as teachers in this now important work. 

Health and Recreation — Grab Bags containing toilet necessities, smokes, post 
cards, etc., were prepared in many counties and when trains carrying soldiers stopped 
at junction points these bags were passed through the cars and provided entertainment 
as well as proved useful. Where any number of men were leaving at one time for a 
given point, the women provided a farewell dinner for them. During the entire time 
Jefferson Barracks was used as an assembling or distributing post, this Department 
provided entertainments twice a week and on Saturday afternoons women went 
there for the purpose of mending, darning, etc. These afternoons were very popular 
as it made possible the talking over of their affairs with an older woman, this often 
being the thing they desired most of all. It was at Jefferson Barracks that the first 
Community Sing was held under the auspices of this Department, long before the 
Department for Community Singing was called into being. 54,000 blanks have been 
circulated, upon which records of Missouri men in service are to be filled in. 

Food — The Directors of the Department of Food in the various counties of the 
State were appointed Assistant Food Administrators for their counties and in this 
position assisted materially in carrying out the plans of the Federal Food Administra- 
tion. The State Agricultural Extension Directors and also the Food Demonstrators 
sent out by the LTniversity of Missouri say that the Woman's Committee had been 
invaluable in arousing interest for the work throughout the State. 

Am.ericanization — In thirteen counties in the State Americanization work is 
being done under the auspices of the Woman's Committee and in all the large cities 
classes are being held. 

Speakers — A vSpeakers' Bureau was organized composed of 83 women. A number 
of these women were available for use anywhere in the State that they might be sent. 
Some of them could only be used in their immediate locality. Outline speeches were 
prepared on vital subjects by the Director of this Department and sent at intervals 



SeVenty-six 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



to these speakers. Once a month the Executive Board held a meeting at some point 
in the State other than St. Louis and at this time mass meetings were held and speeches 
made on the subjects which were most vital at the time. 

Patriotic Education — The Department of Patriotic Education compiled outlines 
for club study which were distributed and are very generally used by the women 
throughout the State, presented to the Department of Child Welfare, "The Mother 
Goose Rhymes in War Times," and a pageant, "The Bugle Calls the Children" to 
carry the message of "Children's Year." In this Department splendid assistance 
was rendered by the Department of Art of the University of Missouri in preparing 
posters on which talks were given on all subjects pertaining to the war throughout 
the State. The biggest and most important undertaking of the Department of 
Patriotic Education was the production of the patriotic pageant, "The Progress of 
Liberty," teaching the reasons why this country was in the war and the benefits 
to be gained from the successful termination thereof. This pageant was produced 
in 16 towns and witnessed by 12,000 people. The admission charge was very small, 
enabling everyone to witness this production. One-half the net proceeds were given 
to the Red Cross, $3,166.58 having been turned over to them in ten months' time. 

Women in Industry — The Directors of Women in Industry kept in touch with 
industrial conditions and supplied the public with data. Investigations developed 
there were no abnormal situations in Missouri in the employment of women. The 
only serious situation it developed during the year was the laundry strike in Kansas 
City, at which time the Woman's Committee acted as mediators. 

Liberty Loan — The State Chairman of the Woman's Committee for Liberty Loan 
was appointed by the National Loan Committee as the State Chairman for Liberty 
Loan of that organization and her committee in the State was formed of the Woman's 
Committee representatives almost entirely. 

Child Welfare — The Children's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor 
turned over to the Child Welfare Department of the Woman's Committee the entire 
plans for "Children's Year" and effort was made to weigh and measure each child 
in the State of Missouri under 5 years of age. Physical efficiency tests were held. 
By these means abnormalities have been detected and in many cases corrected. 
While most of the other states had funds to conduct this work, Illinois having as 
much as $75,000.00, Missouri had no appropriation and the work has been carried 
on by purely voluntary assistance. At present this Department is engaged in a "Back- 
to-School Drive." One of the most important results obtained has been the securing 
of 11 community nurses in the State. 



Seven fy- seven 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Eleemosynary and Punitive Institutions — The Director of Eleemosynary and 
Punitive Institutions has seen to it that all of these institutions in the State have 
been engaged in war work, very splendid results being attained in food production 
and conservation and in Red Cross knitting. They, too, bought their share of Liberty 
Bonds, the inmates saving the money from small gifts made to them. 

News Letter — Each month an Exchange Bulletin has been issued from the State 
Office and has proved of very great help as well as interest to the women through 
the entire State. Articles have been prepared for the "Missouri Woman" and 
"Missouri on Guard." 

Publicity — The Department of Publicity established friendly relations with 
all the newspapers of the State and has each week sent articles to be published therein. 
With the assistance of leading physicians, 12 lessons were compiled on the care of 
children; plates were made and published in 600 newspapers. These lessons were 
arranged in pamphlet form and have been distributed throughout the vState. In 
addition to this, a playlet and chart, together with a lecture on the care of the teeth 
has been distriljuted to each school district in the State. 

Community Singing — Although this is a new department, having been in existence 
only six months, the Director has met with enthusiastic response, community choruses 
have been organized in eighty-eight counties. 

Colored Women — The colored women in all the large towns throughout the 
State have worked splendidly along all lines and their work is included in the report 
above. 

Respectfully submitted, 

MRS. B. F. BUSH, Chairman. 
MRS. OLIVE B. SWAN, Exec. vSecy. 



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MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Transportation 



Recognizing the national value of our highways in relation to, and properly 
co-ordinated with, other existing transportation mediums, and more particularly 
the necessity for their immediate development, in order that they might carry their 
share of the war burden, the Highways Transport Committee of the Council of 
National Defense was organized. Co-operation was extended by the Missouri State 
Council of Defense, and the Missouri Division of the Highways Transport Com- 
mittee was created. 

The object of the committee was to assist in making the most effective use of 
the highways as a means of strengthening the nation's transportation resources. 



Organization of the State Committee 

Dean F. B. Munford, Chairman of the Missouri Council of Defense, appointed 
A. C. McKibbin of Jefferson City Chairman, and approved the selection of the fol- 
lowing members of the Executive Committee: W. H. Powell, Sedalia; R. T. Conger, 
Kansas City; E. A. King, St. Joseph; G. A. Mahan, Hannibal; J. M. McAnulty, 
Neosho; Wallace Capen, St. Louis, t^nd J. P. Davis, Secretary, Jefferson City. The 
State was divided into five divisions, and five directors were appointed, as follows: 
Division No. 1, Harry W. Graham, Chillicothe; No. 2, H. Frank Holman, Moberly; 
No. 3, E. L. Sanford, Springfield; No. 4, David E. Cowan, Rolla; No. 5, O. W. 
Hackworth, Piedmont. 



Policy of the Organization 

The committee realized that great good would be accomplished for the State 
and nation by encouraging and speeding up proper modes of transportation on the 
public highways. They realized the magnitude and cost of the work, and since the 
only money available was the small amount received from public spirited citizens 
and organizations, the committee has carried on an educational campaign in the 
hope of awakening the people to the importance of having modern and efficient methods 



Seventy-nine 



MIvSvSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



of delivering farm products and finished goods. The work has been divided briefly 
as follows: 

First: Return Loads: The elimination of empty running of vehicles by bringing 
together shippers and truck owners in a systematic way, so as to provide full loads 
wherever possible. 

Second: Rural Motor Express: The use of the motor truck in regular daily 
service, over a fixed route, with a definite schedule of stops and charges, gathering 
farm produce, milk, live stock, eggs, etc., and delivering the same to the city dealer, 
and on return trip carrying merchandise, machinery, supplies, etc., for farmers and 
others along the route. 

Third: Co-operation with Federal R. R. Administration: The relieving of con- 
gested terminals and co-operation to eliminate short hauls l)y railroads through 
effective transport service. 

Fourth: Educational: The educational campaign to place highways transport 
work in its proper light throughout the State through the medium of the Commercial 
Clubs, Rotary Clubs, Municipal Authorities, Newspapers, Magazines, etc., also to 
enlist the support of all bankers, manufacturers and business men in general in the 
importance of improving the transportation system over our highways. 



Eighty 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Commercial Economy 



In the early part of July, 1917, the State Council of Defense made an intense 
drive through the County and Township Councils in directions of conservation and 
economy by ascertaining the number of tin cans in merchants' stock and also in 
getting information of the number of cans that would be needed for vegetables and 
fruit. The drive was unusually successful and at the close of the season there were 
very few tin cans not in use. 

Following the tin can survey successful drives were made by the County and 
Township Councils, directed by the State Council, in which economy changes were 
made in merchants' deliveries. The retail stores, as a step toward economy, were 
asked to curtail delivery service, that thousands of men and vehicles might be used 
in the service of the Government. The acceptance of returned goods was reduced to 
an absolute minimum, and non-essential operations in merchants' economy were 
eliminated. 

The campaign en Merchant Economies throughout Missouri was conducted by 
the Committee on Commercial Economy of the Missouri Council of Defense, of which 
Mr. Sigmond Baer of St. Louis was Chairman. 

In his report of the activities of the Committee, Chairman Baer states: 

"On the whole, I feel that much good has been accomplished, not only in aiding 
our Government by releasing a number of men needed for essential occupations, not 
only in the saving of unnecessary expenditures which, to a large extent, has enabled 
merchants to meet the abnormal increase in commodities, but, largely through laying 
the foundation for future co-operation in reducing extravagance and waste, thus 
helping to bring business to a saner and more stable basis of operation." 

Among the accomplishments of this Committee, taking St. Louis alone, was the 
curtailment of deliveries in the following commercial institutions, reducing from 
two or three deliveries a day to one: Department stores, Specialty stores, Dairies, 
Retail Grocers, Retail Butchers, Ice Cream Manufacturers, Cleaners' and Dyers' 
Associations, Wholesale Druggists and Allied Interests, Material Dealers' Asso- 
ciation. A co-operative delivery was established in the suburban towns of all the 
department stores in St. Louis, thereby eliminating man power and auto trucks and 
effecting a great saving of gasoline, tires, etc. 

Letters were sent to every town in Missouri of two thousand or more inhabitants, 
requesting them to call meetings of their organizations for the purpose of reducing 



Eighty-one 



MIvSSOlTRI COUNCIL OF DEFENvSE 



deliveries. More than 80 per cent of the towns thus canvassed carried out, in whole 
or in part, the suggestions made. These meetings usually being effected through 
the local Councils of Defense. 

To increase reclamation and utilization of waste material or junk in all parts of 
Missouri, a bulletin was sent from the State Council to the County and Township 
Councils, asking for information regarding the amount of waste in scrap iron, metals, 
rubber, rags and other junk throughout the rural and farming districts. There were 
large quantities of old iron and scrap in the shape of discarded agricultural 
implements, tools, stoves and chains, lying around discarded. This junk was of 
considerable value in a number of factories and its reclamation was of particular 
importance to the nation in the war crisis. Questionnaires were sent for information 
desired as to conditions on farms and as to that in factories. 

The State Council of Defense sent a letter to the County Chairmen and the women 
members which urged a concerted effort on the part of all citizens in Missouri for 
strictest economy as an important step in the prosecution of the war. Council of 
Defense workers were asked to give publicity to all economy measures. Letters and 
resolutions of economy were read in local meetings of all the organizations in the 
counties which were carrying on the war activities. 



Halting Live Stock Loss on Railroads 

Mr. B. F. Bush, President of the Missouri Pacific Railroad and member of the 
Missouri Council of Defense, gave wide distribution to a circular poster which called 
forceful attention to the loss of live stock on the railway right-of-way. The posters 
were headed, "UNNECESSARY ECONOMIC WAvSTE" and they were sent to the 
trainmen and to the general public. Accompanying the poster the State Council of 
Defense issued a circular entitled "HALT THE LOSS OF LIVE STOCK," in which 
each Township Council was asked to make a survey of every mile of railway in the 
township, looking toward fence repair, conditions of cattle guards, etc., and to present 
the matter personally to the farmers along the road. The circular which was enclosed 
enumerated several methods of doing away with the unnecessary waste. Among the 
methods were keeping the stock in fenced enclosures, passing of town ordinance 
prohibiting the stock from roaming, train men making a personal appeal to owners 
to keep stock penned, all train men and track and section men observing utmost care 
to avoid striking stock and newspaper editors presenting this matter to the public. 



Eighty-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The measure furnished a reminder to a patriotic duty and pointed out that the waste- 
age reduced to dollars and cents would be sufficient to maintain an army of one and 
one-half million men for one month. 

As one of the closing activities of the Missouri Council of Defense, this campaign 
in December, 1918, was made a major work of the State Council. Mr. Charles E. 
Mandeville joined the Missouri Council of Defense staff to introduce methods which 
had resulted in a stock saving from this loss of from 60 to 80 per cent in the States of 
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas. A campaign was undertaken with the 
appointment of special agents along the rights of way of all railroads operating in 
Missouri, whose duties were to see that the railroads maintained their fences and 
cattle guards in keeping with the law, and that farmers were educated to the need 
of keeping all gates closed and of taking all steps to do away with preventable causes 
of stock roaming on rights of way. It was pointed out that Missouri was wasting 
annually two million pounds of meat and leather — a loss untenable in the light of the 
world need for these products. More than one thousand special agents were enlisted 
in this campaign. 



Christmas Buying 

A National and State campaign that has been most effective in Missouri was that 
made by the State, County and Township Councils toward early buying for 
Christmas in 1918. A bulletin urged that to save labor and material in the manu- 
facture and sale of Christmas gifts and to save transportation and delivery 
facilities, that early Christmas buying be practiced as far as possible. The pur- 
chase and carrying of useful gifts was encouraged. 



Eighty-three 



MIvSvSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Publicity 



Publicity of the activities of the Missouri Council of Defense has been carried 
out under several heads. Many of the accomplishments of the State Council consisted 
in carrying the message as requested by the Council of National Defense, or in the 
development of activities initiated by the parent body and itself. To disseminate 
these requests broadcast involved the mobilization of the rural and metropolitan 
newspapers through their local Councils of Defense. In this respect the country 
newspapers made a notable response. While deluged with a great quantity of matter 
forwarded from Washington direct and with news columns overburdened by the 
greatest news demands in the history of newspaper making, these dailies and weeklies 
found space to carry a large amount of matter furnished them by their County Chair- 
men and by the Department of Publicity of the State Council of Defense. 

In the Family Enrollment Campaign plate matter furnished these papers was 
used almost universally, and in many cases to the entire amount. In the light of 
the high cost of white paper and the increased cost of publishing, this constituted a 
very considerable contribution on the part of the country newspaper editor to the 
nation. 

Not less gratifying was the response of the correspondents of metropolitan 
newspapers in Jefferson City and of these newspapers in co-operating in disseminating 
the requests of the State Council of Defense addressed to the people at large. 



Missouri-on-Guard 

From June, 1917, until December, 1918, the Missouri Council of Defense 
printed and distributed its official publication, "Missouri-on-Guard," dedicated to 
the activities of the State in aid of the nation. 

This publication was distributed free to the ten thousand members in the 
Defense Council system, also members of the Legislature, Speakers' Bureau, State 
officials, other State Councils, libraries and individuals, comprising in all a circula- 
tion of about twelve thousand. 

Printed on newspaper stock, it endeavored to present monthly in semi-newspaper 
and semi-magazine style a review of the current activities of the State Council of 
Defense and its branch Councils, together with additional requests intended to 
promote the cause. 



Eighty-five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Posters 

Missouri's record in its food production increase in 1917-18 funiished the 
inspiration for an appeal for greater increase in 191S-19, and this was given expression 
in the preparation of a poster entitled, "Missouri Leads in Food Increase" which 
was given wide distribution. 

The design of the poster originally was made by students of the Advertising 
Class of the School of Journalism of the University of Missouri, and showed by com- 
parative drawings the increase Missouri had made, particularly in its grain crops, 
meat foods and garden crops. The appeal was made to the farmer to again increase 
his production to meet the unprecedented demands of the world food needs for 1919. 

In addition to being given wide distribution through Missouri, this poster was 
sent to all other States and was given prominent display in the legislative rooms of 
the Missouri Congressional Delegation in Washington. 

The activities of the Publicity Department have not been confined alone to 
newspapers and posters. Special articles have been prepared and published in various 
trade publications, house organs and the like. 

Publicity as treated under this head conceives largely the publicity of the printed 
page and of the circular, poster, advertisement, etc. By a larger conception, however, 
the entire Missouri Council of Defense system was a publicity organization dedicated 
to the program of spreading the message of the Government and State to the remotest 
section. 



Eighty-six 



MIvSSOL^RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Non-War Construction 

In the summer of 1918, as the nation faced the growing problem of supplying its 
vast armies at home and overseas, the War Industries Board invoked the aid of the 
184,000 units of the Council of Defense system throughout the nation to discourage 
and keep down all construction of buildings, roads, highways, and the like, that 
the resources of the nation might be centered entirely on the military program. 

The Councils of Defense were asked, first, to extend the publicity which would 
focus the attention of the people on the problem. With this educational campaign 
under way, announcement was made of the campaign to limit building construction. 
The plan included an inverse process of making application for desired construction, 
the tendency being to discourage all building which did not directly or indirectly tend 
to promote and aid the military establishment. Thus, if one wished to build a 
house, a mile of gravel road, or a new store building, it was necessary to convince 
several agencies before the authority for continuing the project would be granted. 
These were, first, the County Council of Defense; second, the State Council of De- 
fense; third, the Non-War Construction Section of the Priorities Division of the 
War Industries Board. 



Circular Number 21 

Instructions for carrying out this plan were embodied in the famous Circular 
Number 21 of the War Industries Board. Under this order all non-war construction, 
excepting extensions or repairs to existing buildings costing under $2,500, and farm 
construction costing under $1,000, had to be approved by the County Council of 
Defense, and in turn approved by the State Council of Defense. These requests 
were then forwarded to Washington for final approval or rejection. 

Applications for permits in St. Louis were directed to Mr. M. L. Wilkinson, 
Chairman of the St. Louis Council of Defense; in Kansas City to Mr. Julius David- 
son, Chairman of the Jackson County Council of Defense; in all other sections of the 
State to the State Council of Defense, which in turn delegated the authority and 
responsibility to the Public Service Commission, which detailed one of its depart- 
ments under the directicn of Mr. C. B. Bee to pass on the projects. 

All applications for road and highway construction were directed to A. W. 
Graham, Chief Engineer of the State Highway Department. 



Eighty-seven 



MIvSSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



The County Councils throughout the State immediately formed special com- 
mittees to pass on building applications. Those applications which were deemed to 
be imperative were approved by the local body and forwarded to the State Council 
of Defense, according to the plan. Many of these projects were disapproved by the 
State Council of Defense and the applications returned. An almost equal number 
approved by the County Councils and the State Council were disapproved by the 
War Industries Board. 



Results of Campaign 

The campaign to discourage non-war construction in Missouri resulted in halting 
building projects with a construction value of many millions of dollars. The Chair- 
mian of the Jasper County Council of Defense estimated, in his county alone, of having 
disapproved projects amounting to more than $400,000. A report of Mr. Bee of the 
Public Service Commission to the Council of Defense stated that counting only those 
applications which were rejected in this office or at Washington, 162 projects were 
passed on unfavorably, with a construction value of $708,325. 

The terms of the non-war construction order were modified in October to permit 
all farm construction, and to include less stringent restrictions on projects under way. 



Campaign of Building 

With the signing of the armistice, the ban was lifted in its entirety, and the 
attention of the Council of Defense directed to a campaign of building, the purpose 
being entirely reversed. The Councils of Defense were then engaged in a campaign 
to renew all building projects which had been deferred during the campaign. 



Eighty-eight 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFp:nSE 



Special Activities 



Incident to the abnormal conditions caused by the war, the Missouri Council on 
Defense initiated a large number of special activities in addition to its main program. 



Poison Court Plaster 

In the early part of the summer of 1917 stories were current that peddlers 
throughout the State, possibly in German pay, were selling court plaster on the streets 
of the cities and in the rural districts, that was infected with the germs of lockjaw 
and typhoid. The State Council of Defense telegraphed to the National Council of 
Defense in Washington, asking whether or not this report had sufficient foundation 
to justify it in writing to the Chairmen of the County Councils and warning the 
people, through them, to be on their guard against irresponsible sellers of court 
plaster. The Department of Justice, without sharing in any sensational view with 
respect as to how the various samples of sticking plaster or court plaster submitted 
to them became infected, stated that some of the samples were analyzed and shown 
to contain deadly germs, so that the people in the State of Missouri were warned 
against supplying themselves with this remedy except from approved sources, the 
warning being particularly directed against purchases in small packages from peddlers 
or street venders. 



Keep the Children in School 

At the direction of President Wilson, Hon. P. P. Claxton, Commissioner of the 
Bureau of Education at Washington, called the attention of the governors of the 
states and various state councils of defense to the vital need of keeping our schools up 
to the standard, in attendance and efficiency. Acting Governor Wallace Crossley 
issued a proclamation that was carried by the State Council into all County and 
Township Councils of Defense. Governor Crossley 's proclamation was as follows: 

It is the patriotic duty of teachers both in elementary and high schools to make 
their instructions more efficient than ever before, and no opportunity for lessons in 
patriotism and economic training should be overlooked. Children should be 



Eighty-nine 



M I vS vS O U R I COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



encouraged to engage in productive work, and their efforts directed towards results 
of the highest possible value. 

When Missouri's army of school children mobilizes in September they should see 
the American flag floating from every public school building. America must be 
Americanized as never before and school houses should be the place of frequent 
community meetings to discuss the questions of vital importance to the country. 

It is to be hoped that attendance laws will be strictly enforced and parents should 
see that the boys and girls are kept regularly at their studies. Opportunity should be 
found for special work along the line of home economics and it has been suggested that 
in country and village schools girls and boys could form corn clubs, poultry clubs, 
canning clubs, etc., under the direction of the teachers. 

The thought suggests itself here that a path of mutual endeavor lies before the 
County and Township Councils of Defense, who are charged with the administrative 
steps of mobilizing the State's patriotic thought and resources for war, on the one 
hand, and the school authorities and school children on the other. The schools 
themselves afford excellent means for the dissemination of ideas and information for 
building up the national defense. They can serve no better patriotic purpose than in 
joining forces in furthering the practical and intelligent program for bringing the 
State to the highest efficiency in war. 



Co-operate With the Red Cross 

The State Council of Defense issued bulletins to the County and Township 
Councils, asking for co-operation of the Defense Councils with the Red Cross organi- 
zations. At that time, September, 1917, there were three thousand Red Cross 
Chapters in the country. Especial emphasis was brought to bear upon the field of 
"Home Service" which was not only for the sake of public interest but for the welfare 
and consideration due to the families whose bovs were in the service. 



Texas Cattle Brought Here 

The United States Department of Agriculture, in the fall of 1917, asked the 
Missouri Council of Defense to place before the chairmen of the County Councils an 
opportunity by which the people of Missouri could greatly help the Government in 
securing a better meat supply in this country. 



Ninety 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Because of the abnormal drouth in Texas during the summer, the cattle situation 
was such that some relief was needed to keep a large number of cattle from starving. 
Missouri farmers were informed of the opportunity to buy this cattle cheap and 
urged on the grounds of economy and patriotism to bring this stock to Missouri for 
feeding. This resulted in a considerable interchange of cattle and feed between 
Texas and Missouri. 



Aiding the Income Tax Collection 

The Missouri Council of Defense was recjuested by the Council of National 
Defense at Washington, and the two Internal Revenue Collectors of Missouri to appeal 
through its County and Township branches, for assistance in aiding the income tax 
collection. Suggestions which the Collectors urged the County Councils to carry 
out as invaluable service to the nation follow: 

Publish an appeal and warning in local newspapers, calling attention to the 
approach of March 1, and urging every person subject to the assessment to write to 
the collector for blanks. This return gives the government the necessary information 
on which it decides if the individual shall pay a tax, and if so, how much. 

Prepare a list of persons whose GROSS incomes you know make them subject to 
tax. You will be doing the taxpayer a real favor. The government experts will 
decide as to the net income. Thus in many instances the individual will pay no tax, 
but by failing to have made his return (the burden of which falls on the individual) 
he will have laid himself open to a heavy fine. 

Turn over this list, which can be made up from the records of county clerks, 
assessors, grain elevators, etc., to the government field men, when they come to your 
community, or send it to the collector for your district. 

Appoint a member of the County Council, or a committee, to be known as the 
Income Tax Collection Committee, to have charge of this auxiliary work, and to 
assist the field men on their arrival. 



Wood Fuel in Missouri 

Due to the unusual fuel conditions, both as to availability and demand which 
prevailed in the winter of 1917-18, a campaign to introduce wood fuel as a substitute 
for coal in a large number of Missouri counties was planned as an activity of the 
Missouri Council of Defense in aid of the Fuel Administration. 



Ninety-one 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



A State Wood Fuel Committee was formed consisting of Wallace Crossley, 
Federal Fuel Administrator for Missouri, F. W. McAllister, Missouri Council of 
Defense, C. F. Korstian of the U. S. Fuel Administration and the U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, A. J. Meyer, Agricultural Extension Service, and Frederick Dunlap, 
Department of Forestry, University of Missouri. The organization of a similar Wood 
Fuel Committee in each county was urged. Each county was instructed to adapt 
the program to its own local needs. Where wood was available in ciuantities, 
recommendations were made to include a municipal wood market, wood selling 
campaigns, wood cutting bees, all intended to promote the use of wood as a substitute 
for coal. The educational results of the campaign were marked. 

The severity of the winter, coupled with the tremendous demands for steam coal 
for manufacturing and transportation purposes, together with the congested traffic 
conditions, were factors which assisted in making the wood fuel campaign a solution 
of local fuel problems in many cases. 



Lending Telescopes and Binoculars to the Navy 

The Council of National Defense sent to the Chairmen of the County Councils 
direct, posters advertising the need of binoculars, spy glasses and telescopes in the 
Navy. In an instruction letter, the State Council asked each County Chairman to 
use these posters to the best advantage in their county, especially posting them in 
court houses, post offices, drug stores and other public places. 



National Implement Inspection and Repair Week 

The week beginning March 1, 1918, was set aside as National Implement 
Inspection and Repair Week, by the Committee on Agriculture and Food Production 
of the Missouri Council of Defense. It had been possible in the past for farmers to 
wait until the last minute before ordering new farm implements or repairs for old 
implements, without experiencing any serious delay in having their needs supplied. 
There was a greater need felt for adeciuate equipment for machinery on every farm at 
that time than has ever licen known in the history of American agriculture. The 
State Council of Defense recommended every County Council through its various 
agencies and particularly through its Agricultural Committee to give the widest 
pul)licity possible to the proposed National Implement Inspection and Repair Week. 



Ninety-two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Enrolling Agents for Shipbuilding 

The work of C. C. Carson, Federal State Director, United States Public Service 
Reserve for Missouri, in enrolling agents for shipbuilding, was endorsed by bulletins 
sent by the State Council of Defense to the Chairmen of the County Councils. 
The demand at that time was for shipbuilders in the Northwest, which need comprised 
carpenters, wood workers, blacksmiths, electricians and many other allied trades. 
The bulletin asked the County Council Chairmen to nominate one or more persons 
whom they could recommend for appointment as enrollment agent for their county— 
a man who was thoroughly alive to the need, who would be both willing and able to 
give his time, who would act promptly and get results, and who would for that time 
consider enrolling men for shipbuilding one of the most important matters that could 
possibly engage his at^ntion. The County Chairmen were asked to make the report 
not later than January 1, 1918, that the definite work of that Department could begin. 



Student Nurses' Reserve 

The Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, co-operating with 
the Nurses' Committee of the Council, Surgeon-General Gorgas of the Army, Surgeon- 
General Rupert Blue of the Public Health Service, Chairman H. P. Davidson of the 
War Council of the American Red Cross, and Dr. Franklin Martin of the Medical 
Board of the Council of National Defense, began a campaign during the fortnight of 
July 29 and August 12, which was to enroll 2,500 young women between the ages of 
nineteen and thirty-five into an organization which would be known as the United 
States Nurses' Reserve. In Missouri the work was conducted by the woman member 
of the County Councils of Defense. The State Council of Defense urged co-operation 
of the County and Township Chairmen in giving every possible aid to the campaign. 



Enroll Unskilled Laborers 

In August, 1918, the Missouri Council of Defense received an urgent appeal from 
the Council of National Defense at Washington, stating that the Nation was faced 
with a shortage of one million unskilled laborers in war industries. A new army draft 
expansion increased this shortage as the need grew for supplies. Acute shortages 
were apparent in skilled laborers. A supply of these men was imperative to war 
production and it was put up to the State Councils of Defense to aid the United States 



Ninety-three 



MISvSOlTRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Employment Service Director in filling his cjuota, which was 25,260. W. W. Brown, 
of Kansas City, was named the Missouri director of the United States Employment 
Service, which worked with the United States Department of Labor and established 
the machinery for enrolling and placing this vast army of unskilled laborers. 

The aid and co-operation of the Missouri Council of Defense was tendered in the 
establishment of Community Labor Boards in St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Joseph, 
Springfield, Joplin, Hannibal and Cape Girardeau. Through these agencies many 
thousand Missouri workmen were recruited for labor in the huge munitions and 
nitrate plants and other Governmental projects established in West Virginia, Tennes- 
see and Alabama. 



Endorsement War Workers 

One of the most unique services performed by the Council of Defense was that of 
passing on applications of war workers for service with the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., 
Salvation Army, and other organizations doing welfare work with our forces at home 
and overseas. 

For instance, an application for a Red Cross position was sent to the offices of the 
Missouri Council of Defense, and in turn forwarded to the Chairman of the County 
Council of Defense in which the applicant resided. After the applicant's record 
received proper endorsement, it was returned and forwarded to the Red Cross 
authorities. 

These investigations, because of their confidential nature, earned a high 
commendation on the part of the organizations seeking them, enabling them to 
increase their personnel in a manner economical both in time and method and 
insuring, in a manner, the enlistment of a desirable worker. 



Apprehending Army Deserters 

With the steady increase of the number of men in the army camps, there grew a 
proportional increase of desertions and absences without leave. Eventually this 
became a source of grave concern to the army authorities, and with the approach and 
signing of the armistice became a problem indeed. 

The aid of the Defense Council system was invoked in an educational campaign 
among the people at home and particularly the friends of soldiers on leave to urge 



Ninety- four 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



them to see that their soldier friends and relatives returned to camp within time. A 
warning against loiterers in uniform was sent out . In August, 1918, a plan was evolved 
whereby the Council of Defense were asked to render concrete assistance in detecting 
desertions. The name of a soldier reported absent without leave in any army camp 
in the United States, the residence of the soldier being in Missouri, was forwarded to 
the office of the Missouri Council of Defense, and in turn dispatched to the county 
where the soldier had his home address. More than one thousand cases in Missouri 
were thus reported, investigations made and a report sent back to the army camp, 
between August and January 1st, 1919. In St. Loui; such cases were handled direct 
by the Police Department. Their assistance in invertigations was uniformly prompt 
and painstaking. 



Alien Property Survey 

The Alien Property Custodian of the United States called on the Missouri Council 
of Defense, through its County and Township Councils of Defense, to assist him in 
locating enemy-owned property of all kinds, which under the rules of war was in the 
charge of the United States Government, and its income, or proceeds of sale, be used 
in the fight against the Imperial German Government and her allies. 

A unique situation existed in Missouri, as in 1895 the Missouri Legislature passed 
a law which forbade anyone not a citizen of the United States to hold title to real 
estate in Missouri. This law, the attorney general of Missouri ruled, was in operation. 

At a meeting of the Missouri Council of Defense in Hannibal the matter was 
presented and discussed at length. By formal action the State Council was instructed 
to take advantage of the statute in question whenever the best interests of the Nation 
were concerned. 

The County Chairmen were requested: First, to make survey of all property in 
the county or township, title of which was held by persons living in the Central 
Empires, or occupied territory. 

Second: To make a survey of all real property in their county or township, 
possession of which was claimed by a person not living in the United States. 

The County and Township Chairmen were asked to inform the State Council. 



Ninety-five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Americanization 



The Americanization Committee of the Missouri Council of Defense was organized 
in May, 1918. It was composed of I. N. Watson, Chairman, of Kansas City; M. R. 
Bevington, Chief Naturalization Examiner, Bureau of Naturalization, of Saint Louis; 
Prof. J. W. Withers, Superintendent of the Saint Louis Public Schools; James R. 
Dunn, member of the Chamber of Commerce, Saint Louis; Prof. W. vS. Dearmont, 
President Cape Girardeau State Normal School; James M. Hays, Contractor, Jeffer- 
son City; Orestes Mitchell, Attorney, Saint Joseph; Ray Bond, Attorney, Joplin; 
Prof. I. I. Cammack, Superintendent of Kansas City Schools; Prof. Isador Loeb, 
University of Missouri, Columbia; and LTel W. Lamkin, State Superintendent of 
Public Schools, Jefferson City. 



Survey of Aliens in Missouri 

Shortly after organization, the Missouri Council of Defense, by resolution, 
requested this committee to ascertain the number of aliens in the State who had 
taken out first papers of naturalization, but had not completed their citizenship, 
also what recommendations should be made as to change in the laws of the State of 
Missouri concerning the right to vote conferred upon aliens. This committee 
investigated and found that there were, in round numbers in the City of Saint Louis, 
Kansas City, Joplin, and Saint Joseph, 28,000 aliens who had taken out first papers 
under the Act of Congress passed in 1906, and 7,000 in round numbers had completed 
their naturalization papers and become citizens; that 21,000, in round numbers, had 
taken no steps to perfect their naturalization after procuring their first papers and 
were not entitled to vote under our constitution. A resolution was passed by this 
committee recommending that the Constitution of the State of Missouri be amended 
so as to prohibit aliens from voting until they had become citizens. This reso- 
lution was endorsed by the Missouri Council of Defense and has been approved by 
the Governor in his message to the Legislature. 



Teaching in Foreign Tongue 

Upon investigation it was ascertained that in different parts of the state there 
were communities where the English language was not spoken or taught in the schools. 



yV/ne(>-seven 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



A resolution was passed by this committee asking the Legislature to pass a law 
prohibiting the teaching of any language except English language in all public and 
parochial schools of Missouri. 



Co-ordination of Organizations 

A committee was appointed to formulate a plan of organization for the 
co-operation of all agencies in the State of Missouri whose object and purpose is the 
education, Americanization and naturalization of all aliens, and also the education 
of the ignorant native-born citizens. 



English in Religious Services 

A plan was also formulated for co-operation with the State Superintendent and 
the County Superintendents of vSchools of Missouri, whereby an organization could 
be perfected in every county for the purpose of promoting the teaching and speaking 
of the English language in all religious services. 



Aiding Night Schools 

A plan was also formulated for promoting and procuring the attendance of night 
schools l)y adult aliens in the cities of Saint Louis, Kansas City, Saint Joseph and 
other large cities of the state, and also to enlist the co-operation of all industrial 
establishments employing labor in the teaching of the English language in the estab- 
ishments so that the English language alone would be used in all such establishments. 
The plan was to induce every employer to devote at least one hour a day to teaching 
the English language to his foreign-born employees, and the nature and character 
of our Government, and our laws, and our ideals. Plans were being formulated for 
procuring greater attendance of adult aliens' night schools in Saint Louis, Kansas 
City, Saint Joseph and other cities to establish additional night schools for all 
foreigners, when the committee was notified by the Missouri Council of Defense that 
it was released from any further duty, owing to the discontinuance of the State Council 
of Defense. 



Ninety-eight 



M I S S O r R I C O IT N C I L OF DEFENSE 



Chairmen of the County Councils of Defense 



Adair Thomas J. Dockery Kirksville 

Andrew Willis G. Hine Savannah 

Atchison S. H. Prather Tarkio 

Audrain Col. E. Y. Burton Mexico 

Barry Wm. Martin Cassville 

Barton J. W. Moran Lamar 

Bates W. G. Dillon Butler 

Benton Charles Petts Warsaw 

Bollinger F. M. Wells Lutesville 

Boone J- T. Mitchell Columbia 

Buchanan JO. Barkley St. Joseph 

Butler H. O. Harriwood Poplar Bluff 

Caldwell D.N. McClintock Kingston 

Callaway Gen. M. F. Bell Fulton 

Camden Dr. T. J. Feaster Climax Springs 

Cape Girardeau. .W. S. Dearmont Cape Girardeau 

Carroll R. H. Monier Carrollton 

Carter J. M. Carnahan Van Buren 

Cass Judge J. F. Kircher Harrisonville 

Cedar J- F- Rhodes Eldorado Springs 

Chariton Roy Rucker Keytesville 

Christian T. L. Robertson Ozark 

Clark T. L. Montgomery Kahoka 

Clay Robert S. Withers Liberty 

Clinton A. C. Kartell Plattsburg 

Cole J. Frank Morris Jefferson City 

Cooper Dr. Arthur W. Nelson Bunceton 

Crawford W. D. Towe Cuba 

Dade J- M. Brickey Areola 

Dallas Prof. A. G. Wisdom Urbana 

Daviess F. S. Tuggle Gallatin 

DeKalb A. J. Hitt Maysville 

Dent Lawrence T. McGee Salem 

Douglas M. L. Andrews Bryant 



Ninety-nine 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Chairmen of the County Councils — Continued 

Dunklin VV. F. Shelton Kennett 

Franklin J. A. Booth Pacific 

Gasconade F. G. Gaeblcr Swiss 

Gentry George Ward King City 

Greene Harry Cooper Springfield 

Grundy John Peery Trenton 

Harrison E. H. Frisby Bethany 

Henry Rev. A. N. Lindsey Clinton 

Hickory Ross Coon Hermitage 

Holt CD. Zook Oregon 

Howard Dr. H. G. Givens Fayette 

Howell Will H. Zorn West Plains 

Iron W. J. Reese Ironton 

Jackson Julius Davidson Kansas City 

Jasper Cowgill Blair Oronogo 

Jefi'erson Paul P. Hinchey DeSoto 

Johnson F. A. Gougler Warrensburg 

Knox L. F. Cotty Edina 

Laclede Edward Hooker Lebanon 

Lafayette E. M. Taubman Lexington 

Lawrence L- G. Adams Hoberg 

Lewis Geo. Mathews Ewing 

Lincoln H. F. Childers Troy 

Linn Geo. W. Bailey Brookfield 

Livingston Andy Prager Chillicothe 

McDonald J. L. EUiff Anderson 

Macon Senator W. C. Goodson Macon 

Madison C. J. Belken Mine La Motte 

Maries Geo. E. Cansler Vienna 

Marion W. B. Pettibone Hannibal 

Mercer Chas. I. MuUinax Princeton 

Miller C. G. Brittingham Eldon 

Mississippi Max L- Ostner Diehlstadf 

Moniteau Thos. Groves Tipton 

Monroe Clarence Evans Paris 

Montgomery Prof. W. F. Hupe Montgomery City 



One Hundred 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Chairmen of the County Councils— Continued 

Morgan Samuel Daniels Versailles 

New Madrid D. C. Hunter New Madrid 

Newton A. W. Duff Neosho 

Nodaway Paul Sisson Maryville 

Oregon W. C. Johnson Alton 

Osage R. H. Bryan Linn 

Ozark Arthur Hutchinson Gainesville 

Pemiscot W. D. Byrd Caruthersville 

Perry Chas. E. Kiefner Perryville 

Pettis T. R. Luckett Sedalia 

Phelps J. A. Spilman Rolla 

Pike Chas. E. Porter Bowling Green 

Platte D. A. Chestnut Platte City 

Polk F. M. Stufiflebaum Bolivar 

Pulaski J. \V. Armstrong Richland 

Putnam J. C. McKinley Unionville 

Ralls C. T. Lamb New London 

Randolph Joe Kirby Moberly 

P-ay James Powell Richmond 

Reynolds M. Harrison Redford 

Ripley L. P. Whitwell Doniphan 

St. Charles J. C. Willbrand St. Charles 

St. Clair Prof. E. C. Higgins Osceola 

St. Francois Dr. Chas. Schuttler Farmington 

Ste. Genevieve.. .F. A. Petrequin Ste. Genevieve 

St. Louis Collins Thompson St. Louis 

St. Louis City... M. L. Wilkinson St. Louis 

Saline Hayden Col vert Marshall 

Schuyler Walter A. Higbee Lancaster 

Scotland J. E. Luther Memphis 

Scott Wade Anderson Commerce 

Shannon H. H. Rhodes West Eminence 

Shelby W. L. Shouse Shelbina 

Stoddard C. A. Grain Dexter 

Stone W. E. Renfro Galena 

Sullivan Lenny Baklridge Milan 



One Hundred One 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Chairmen of the County Councils — Continued. 

Taney R. C. Ford Forsyth 

Texas C. P. Patton Cabool 

Vernon Chester H. Gray Nevada 

Warren Henry Hollman Warrenton 

Washington H. C. Bell Potosi 

Wayne G. S. Schalter Patterson 

Webster D. D. Hamilton Marshfield 

Worth J. F. Robertson Grant City 

Wright Rev. G. W. Holmes Hartville 



One Hundred Two 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Secretaries of County Councils of Defense 



Andrew Ida Mae Rae Savannah 

Atchison Capt. W. R. Little Tarkio 

Audrain Judge E. F. Elliott Mexico 

Barry L. F. Jones , Cassville 

Barton S. L. Douglas Lamar 

Bates W. G. Dillon Butler 

Benton C. H. Miles Warsaw 

Boone Boyle G. Clark Columbia 

Buchanan Harry Krug, Jr St. Joseph 

Callaway Fred D. Williams Fulton 

Cape Girardeau. .Miss Christine Wheeler Cape Girardeau 

Carroll R. W. Brown CarroUton 

Cass C. A. Burke Harrisonville 

Cedar Ira F. Reed Eldorado Springs 

Chariton J. O. Richardson Keytesville 

Christian Chas. Reid Ozark 

Cooper J. S. Underwood Boonville 

Dade Fred L. Shafer Greenfield 

Daviess Dean E. Handy Gallatin 

DeKalb Jas. B. Mayes, Jr Pattonsburg 

Dent A. C. Donnan Lake Springs 

Douglas C. P. Anderson Granada 

Franklin M. B. Lane Sullivan 

Gasconade A. O. Mann Hermann 

Gentry Dale Flowers Albany 

Henry Geo. W. Schweer Clinton 

Holt Frank Petree Oregon 

Howard Richard K. Bridges Fayette 

Howell W. C. McMillan West Plains 

Iron Mann Ringo Ironton 

Jackson M. Meller Adamson Kansas City 

Johnson C. W. Fulkerson Warrensburg 

Knox E. W. Underwood Edina 

Laclede D . O. Vernon Lebanon 



One Hundred Three 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Secretaries of County Councils — Continued 

Lawrence Harry Moore Mount Vernon 

Lewis Andra Thompson LaBelle 

McDonald A. W. Chenoweth Pineville 

Macon Prof. O. L- Cross Macon 

Marion... H. A. Scheidker Hannibal 

Mississippi Clarence Johnson Charleston 

Moniteau S. W. Hurst Tipton 

Monroe Anderson Blanton Paris 

Montgomery M. B. Vaughan Montgomery City 

Newton L.N. Pannell Fairview 

Nodaway E- M. Claypool Maryville 

Oregon Hosea H. Taylor Alton 

Osage C. F. Weeks Linn 

Pemiscot vS. P. Reynolds Caruthersville 

Perry P. B. Hood Perry ville 

Pettis W. P. Kimberlin Sedalia 

Phelps Prof. John F. Hodge St. James 

Pike J- E. Scott Bowling Green 

Pulaski G. W. Lane Waynesville 

Putnam Byron McKinley Unionville 

Ray Russell D. Farris Richmond 

Ripley J. W. Beauchamp Doniphan 

St. Charles W. R. Hendrix St. Charles 

St. Francois J. Clyde Akers Farmington 

Ste. Genevieve.. .Harry Gise Ste. Genevieve 

Saline R. J. Howat Marshall 

Scotland J. V. Bumbarger Memphis 

Scott J. W. Ingram Chaffee 

Taney J. W. Blankenship HoUister 

Texas Walter E- Jadwin Cabool 

Vernon Sam A. Cubbin Nevada 

Warren Frank H. HoUman Warrenton 

Washington James Settle Potosi 

Wayne A. G. Templeton Greenville 

Worth C. A. Hammer Allendale 

Wright W. A. Black Mansfield 



One Hundred Four 



MIvSvSOlTRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Missouri Council of Defense 



Committees 

1. Organization 

Chairman, F. B. Mumford, Dean College of Agriculture, Columbia 
Hon. Frank W. McAllister, Attorney General, Jefferson City 

2. Agriculture and Food Production 

Chairman, A. J. Meyer, Director of Agriculture Extension, Columbia 
F. B. Mumford, Dean College of Agriculture, Columbia 
Jewell Mayes, vSecretary State Board of Agriculture, Jefferson City 
F. W. Favu-ot, Director Missouri Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove 
J. C. Hackleman, Chairman Sub-Committee on Seed Supplies, Columbia 
T. W. Noland, Director Missouri State Poultry Experiment Station, Mountain 
Grove 

3. Distribution and Marketing 

Chairman, Jewell Mayes, Secretary, State Board of Agriculture, Jefferson City 
C. O. Raine, Master of Missouri State Grange, Hayti 
A. J. Meyer, Director Agriculture Extension, Columbia 

E. W. Solomon, President Missouri Division of Farmer's Educational and Co- 
operative Union of America, Bernie 
S. R. Schmutz, Mayview 

4. Farm Statistics 

Chairman, Jewell Mayes, Secretary State Board of Agriculture, Jefferson City 

Robert Withers, Liberty 

Eugene A. Logan, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Columbia 

5. Food Conservation 

Chairman, W. C. Bitting, St. Louis 
Hon. H. W. Kiel, Mayor, St. Louis 
George H. Edwards, Kansas City 

6. Labor 

Chairman, William H. Lewis, Labor Commissioner, Jefferson City 
R. T. Wood, President State Federation of Labor, Springfield 
C. G. Brittingham, Eldon 



One Hundred Five 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Committees — Continued 

Sub-Committee on Farm Labor 

Chairman, Ira F. Reed, College of Agriculture, Columbia 

J. H. Galeener, Sikeston 

H. S. Clark, Columbia 

C. O. Raine, Master of the Missouri State Grange, Hayti 

A. W. Douglas, Simmons Hardware Co., St. Louis 
Sub-Committee on Boys' Reserve Corps 

Chairman, Uel W. Lamkin, Jefferson City 

7. Mineral Resources 

Chairman, H. A. Buehler, State Geologist, Rolla 

Hugh Mclndoe, Joplin 

A. L. McRae, Director School of Mines, Rolla 

George Hill, Bevier 

Thomas Walton, Higbee 

8. Public Education 

Chairman, Uel W. Lamkin, Jefferson City 

A. Ross Hill, President University of Missouri, Columbia 

W. S. Dearmont, President Third District Normal School, Cape Girardeau 

Miss Ella Victoria Dobbs, University of Missouri, Columbia 

William H. Black, President Missouri Valley College, Marshall 

John W. Withers, Superintendent St. Louis Schools, St. Louis 

I. I. Cammack, Superintendent Kansas City Schools, Kansas City 

9. Army and Navy 

Chairman, Cecil W. Thomas, Jefferson City 
Gen. Frank W. McAllister, JefTerson City 

10. Finance 

Chairman, William H. Lee, President Merchants Laclede National Bank, 
St. Louis 

B. F. Bush, President Missouri Pacific R. R., St. Louis 

C. F. Enright, State Bank Commissioner, Jefferson City 

W. T. Kemper, President Commerce Trust Co., Kansas City 

Elliott Marshall, Mayor, St. Joseph 

Hugh Mclndoe, Joplin 

R. A. Long, President Long-Bell Lumber Co., Kansas City 

Fred W. Fleming, Vice-President Kansas City Life Insurance Co., Kansas City 



One Hundred Six 



MISSOURI COUNCIL n V DEFENSE 



Committees — Continued 

11. Women's Defense Work 

Chairman, Mrs. B. F. Bush, Chairman Woman's Committee, Missouri Division, 

Council of National Defense, St. Louis 
M. L. Wilkinson, President Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney D. G. Co., St. Louis 

12. Publicity 

Chairman, Archbishop John J. Glennon, St. Louis 
S. J. Roy, Haimibal 

E. E. E. Mcjimsey, Editor "Springfield Republican," vSpringfield 
I. B. Dunlap, President Dunlap Realty Co., Kansas City 

Robert A. Glenn, Acting Secretary and Director of Publicity, Missouri Council 
of Defense, Jefferson City 

13. Manufacturing Industries 

Chairman, W. S. Dickey, President W. S. Dickey Clay Mfg. Co., Kansas City 
David Sommers, Vice President Schram Glass Co., St. Louis 
George W. Brown, President Brown Shoe Co., St. Louis 

14. Public Health 

Chairman, Dr. Guy L. Noyes, Dean Medical School, University of Missouri, 

Columbia 
Dr. George H. Jones, Secretary State Board of Health, Jefferson City 
Dr. William T. Coughlin, Professor of vSurgery, St. Louis University, St. Louis 
Dr. H. E. Pearse, Physician, Kansas City 

15. Commercial Economy 

Chairman, Sigmond Baer, Sec.-Treas. Stix-Baer & Fuller D. G. Co., St. Louis 
M. L. Wilkinson, President Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney D. G. Co., St. Louis 
Williston P. Munger, Burnham-Munger-Root D. G. Co., Kansas City 

16. Training Camp Activities 

Chairman, E. D. Nims, \'ice-President vSouthwestern Bell Telephone Co., 

St. Louis 
Rev. W. C. Bitting, St. Louis 
M. E. Meanwell, Athletic Director University of Missouri, Columbia 

17. Historical Service 

Chairman, Jonas Viles, University of .Missouri, Columbia 

C. H. McClure, State Normal School, Warrensburg 

E. C. Griffith, William Jewell College, Liberty 

R. J. Kerner, Secretary LTniversity of .Missouri, Columbia 



One Hundred Seven 



MISSOITRI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Committees — Continued 

18. Committee on Traffic 

Chairman, \V. W. Johnson, Secretary Missouri Telephone System, Jefferson City 
S. C. Bates, Secretary Jobbers & Manufacturers Association, Springfield 
R. D. Sangster, Traffic Commissioner, Chamber of Commerce, Kansas City 
P. W. Coyle, Traffic Commissioner Chamber of Commerce, vSt. Louis 

19. Committee on War Welfare Work 

Chairman, J. L- Wagner, Secretary State Board of Charities, Jefferson City 

L. A. Halbcrt, Superintendent Board of Public Welfare, Kansas City 

Alfred Fairbank, Director Civilian Relief S. W. Division American Red Cross, 

St. Louis 
Scott R. DeKins, Secretary Charities Endorsement Committee, Chamber of 

Commerce, St. Louis 
Rabbi Louis Bernstein, E.\-President Missouri Conference for Social Welfare, 

St. Joseph 
J. Silas Gravelle, President Missouri Conference for Social Welfare, Joplin 
Mrs. C. W. Green, Chairman Child Welfare Committee, Council of Defense, 

Columbia 
Mrs. George Still, President State Federation of Women's Clubs, Kirksville 
Mrs. Nelle G. Burger, State President W. C. T. U., Clark 

20. Legal Committee 

Chairman, Frank W. McAllister, Attorney General, Jefferson City 

Hon. Peyton A. Parks, Clinton 

Hon. A. Stanford Lyon, Kansas City 

Hon. Howard Gray, Carthage 

Hon. Morton Jourdan, St. Louis 

Hon. Ben R. Woodson, St. Joseph 

Hon. David W. Hill, Poplar Bluff 

21. Highways Transport Committee 
Chairman, A. C. McKibbin, St. Louis 
George A. Mahan, Hannibal 

E. A. King, St. Joseph 
R. T. Conger, Kansas City 
W. H. Powell, Sedalia 
Wallace D. Capen, St. Louis 
J. M. McAnulty, Neosho 



One Hundred Eight 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Committees — Continued 

22. Americanization Committee 

Chairman, I. N. Watson, Watson, Gage & Watson, Kansas City 

James R. Dunn, St. Louis 

James M. Hays, Jefferson City 

Isidor Loeb, Missouri University, Columbia 

Orestes Mitchell, St. Joseph 

Ray Bond, City Attorney, Joplin 

W. S. Dearmont, President, State Normal vSchool, Cape Girardeau 

M. R. Bevington, Chief Naturalization Examiner, Naturalization Service, 

St. Louis 
I. I. Cammack, vSuperintendent of Public Schools, Kansas City 
Hon. Uel W. Lamkin, Jefferson City 

John W. Withers, Superintendent of Public Schools, St. Louis 
Prof. vS. A. Baker, State vSuperintendent of vSchools, Jefferson City 

23. Committee on Purchase of War Horses From Missouri Farmers 
Chairman, Prof. E. A. Trowbridge, Columbia 

24. Committee on War Photographs 

Chairman, L. S. Kucker, Fraternity Bldg., Springfield 

25. Committee on Reconstruction After the War 

Chairman, iV. Ross Hill, President University of Missouri, Columbia 

Paul Brown, Editor "West at Work," St. Louis 

Rev. B. A. Jenkins, Kansas City 

Dr. A. W. Nelson, Bunceton 

Dean Walter Williams, School of Journalism, LTniversity of Missouri, Columbia 

Mrs. Edmund F. Brown, St. Louis 

Mrs. Hugh Ward, Kansas City 

Dr. E. L. Hendricks, President State Normal School, Warrensburg, Mo. 

Clarence H. Howard, Chamber of Commerce, St. Louis 

Percy Werner, Attorney, St. Louis 

C. G. Brittingham, Eldon 

26. Music 

Mrs. W. D. Steele, State Musical Director, Missouri Council of Defense, Sedalia 



One Hundred Nine 



MISSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Instruction and Information Bulletins 



The Missouri Council of Defense maintained its direction of the County Councils 
of Defense through Instruction and Information Bulletins which were sent from time 
to time as occasion arose to them. Some of the bulletins were sent to every one of 
the several thousand members of the State Defense Council system, others to the 
Chairmen, the Secretaries and the women members, as the occasion required. 

These bulletins usually suggested the calling of a meeting of the county organiza- 
tion and the adaptation of the suggestions contained to local conditions. Not all 
the requests sent out applied to every community. Below are listed in serial 
order the Instruction and Information Bulletins sent out in this manner to the 
counties, beginning with June, 1917, and continuing until January, 1919. 
1 — Recruiting for Regular Army. 
2 — Farm Labor Appeal. 
3 — Can Survey of Merchant Stocks. 
4 — Stopping Waste of Returned Bread. 
5 — Canning Demonstrations. 
6 — Potato Planting Campaign. 
7— Patriotic Day, July 28, 1917. 
8 — Women's Registration, July 28, 1917. 
9 — Reducing Merchants' Deliveries. 
10 — Organization of Home Guards. 
11 — Aviation Recruiting. 
12 — Court Plasters Warning. 
13 — Wheat Planting Campaign. 
14 — Federal Aid for County Agents. 
15— Farewell to Draft Men. 

16 — News Letter on Council's current activities. 
17 — Fairs as Patriotic Gatherings. 

18 — Exemptions and other Information as to the Draft. 
19 — Appeal for More Home Demonstration Agents. 
20 — Keep the Children in School during the War. 



One Hundred Eleven 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Instruction and Information Bulletins — Continued 

21 — Co-operate with the Red Cross. 

22 — Disloyal Activities. 

23 — Appeal for Camp Libraries. 

24— Patriotic Exhibit at State Fair. 

25 — Library War Fund Appeal. 

26 — Second Liberty Loan call for Service. 

27 — Lending Clerical Aid to Draft Boards. 

28 — Patriotic Speakers' Bureau Opened. 

29 — Skilled Tradesmen in Flying Service. 

30 — Conference of Food Conservation Campaign Workers. 

31 — Food Conservation Campaign Opened. 

32 — Waste of Live Stock Killed on Railroad Right-of-ways. 

33 — Prizes to Teachers in Patriotic Essay Contest. 

34 — Food Conservation Campaign Taken Over by Council of Defense. 

Meatless and Wheatless Days Appeal. 

Better Remounts for Service Urged. 
35 — Curtailing Merchants' Deliveries. 

36 — Kitchen and Membership Cards Distributed in Food Campaign. 
37 — Missouri Gets Aviation Examining Board. 
38 — Hoover Thanks Missouri for Large Food Registration. 
39 — Second Draft Registration. 

Four-Minute-Men Organized. 
40 — Feeding Texas Range Cattle in Missouri. 
41 — Collecting Waste Junk in Missouri. 
42 — Change of Address of Men of Draft Age, Warning. 
43— Warning to Men Subject to Draft. 
44 — War Conference in Columbia Announced. 
45 — Reaching the German-speaking Population. 
46 — Do not Send Perishable Food to Soldiers. 
47 — Help to Finance the War. 
48 — Insurance for Soldiers. 
49 — How to Get Fertilizer Quickly. 



One Hundred Twelve 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Instruction and Information Bulletins — Continued 

50 — War Meetings in Missouri. 

51— Aiding the Income Tax Collection. 

52 — Smileage Books Campaign. 

53 — Use Wood Fuel in Missouri. 

54 — Telescopes and Binoculars Wanted for the Navy. 

55— Seeking British Subjects in Missouri for Recruiting. 

56 — Men for Shipbuilding Wanted. 

57 — Card Indexes for all Registrants. 

58 — National Implement and Repair Week. 

59— Army of Producers Attention for 1918. 

60— Get Skilled Men for General Pershing. 

61— War Thrift Garden Campaign for 1918. 

62— Send Photographs of War Activities for Historical Preservation. 
Farm Help Volunteers of Missouri Organized. 

63— Helpful Meetings in Counties for Drafted Men. 

64— Free Legal Service for men in Service. 

65— Liberty Day Patriotic Meetings, April 26, 1918. 
Salvation Army War Fund Drive Approved. 

66— Patriotic Speakers to Aid Third Liberty Loan. 

67— Missouri Defense Work linked with County Farm Bureau. 

68— Missouri Wheat Saving Campaign Launched. 

69— Questionnaire as to Threshing Conservation Campaign. 

70— Win the War by Active Economy. 

71 — Conquer the Hun by Corn. 

72— Harvesting the Missouri Wheat Crop. 

73— Registering the Youths for Military Service. 

74— Defense Work Appeal for Coming Year. 

75— Fourth of July Celebrations in Missouri. 

76— Missouri Alien Owned Property Survey. 

77 — Food Poster Distributed. 

78 — Commercial Clubs Aid vSought. 

79 — Farm Help Volunteers' Questionnaire, 



One Hundred Thirteen 



MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Instruction and Information Bulletins- Continued 

80 — Stopping the Use of German. 

81— War Savings Day, June 28, 1918. 

82 — Aid in Forming Instruction Boards for Drafted Men. 

83 — Student Nurses' Reserve Campaign in Missouri. 

84 — Women Members of Councils to Receive all Instructions. 

85 — Warning to Foreign-born Citizens not Entitled to Vote. 

86 — Campaign for Silos and Greater Wheat Acreage. 

87 — Military Units in Missouri Colleges. 

88 — Community Councils Urged. 

89 — Enroll Unskilled Laborers for Munition Making and Shipbuilding. 

90 — Patriotic Reference Books for Council Speakers. 

91 — Round up All Draft Delinciuents. 

92 — Liberty Choruses Formed. 

93 — Instruction Lectures to Draft Boards. 

94 — Curtailing Non-war Construction to Save Labor and Materials. 

95 — Keep Down Non-war Construction. 

96 — Early Christmas Buying Urged. 

97 — Survey of Lands for Returned Soldiers Explained. 

Warning from Speakers' Bureau as to Fraudulent Soldier Speakers. 
Foreign Voters' Posters Again Distributed. 

98 — Appeal to Retailers for Uniform Prices of Shoes. 

99 — Music Committee, Letter and Questionnaire. 
100 — Aid the United War Campaign. 
101 — Do not Relax Efforts with the Armistice. 
102 — Council of Defense Questionnaires. 
103 — National Liberty Sing for Thanksgiving Day. 
104 — Reclamation of Waste Campaign Continued. 
105 — Community Chorus Leaders Appointed. 
106 — Apprehending Deserters. 
107 — Ban on Christmas Shopping Lifted. 
108— World Relief Week. 
109 — Withdrawal of Non-war Construction Restrictions. 



One Hundred Fourteen 



MISvSOl'RI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



Instruction and Information Bulletins — Continued 

110 — Re-education of Returning Soldiers. 

Ill — Legal Service for Demobilized Soldiers. 

112— Warning Against Fraudulent Allotments and Allowances. 

113— Investigate Before Giving to Unauthorized War Charities. 

114— Red Cross Christmas Drive. 

115— Finding Jobs for our Soldiers and Sailors. 

116— Stop Live Stock Loss on Railroad Right-of-ways. 

11"— Disbanding of Missouri Council of Defense. 



One Hundred Fifteen 



MISSOl^RI COUNCIL OP DEFENSE 



Office Personnel 



William F. Saunders, Secretary, April 27, 1917 — October 
1, 1918; Special Agent U. S. Food Administration. 

Frank M. Robinson, Secretary, October 1, 1918 — -Decem- 
ber 15, 1918. 

Robert A. Glenn, Director of Publicity and Editor 
Missouri-on-Guard, Acting Secretary, December 15, 
1918— March 15, 1919; in charge of draft, military aid, 
recruiting, legal bureaus, labor, investigations. 

Frances S. Burkhardt, Secretary, Patriotic Speakers' 
Bureau; filing and correspondence. 

Frank B. Newkam, Auditor and Chief Clerk. 



Clerical Staff 

Lavenia Frazier, Sophy Natsch, 

Lillian Powers, Arch Pryor, 

Ethel Latshaw, Mrs. Marvin Tate, 

LoNEY B. Stone. 



One Hundred Seventeen 



MIvSvSOURI COINCIL OF DEFENSE 



FINANCIAL STATEMENT, MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 
April 24, 1917 — March 15, 1919 



Expenditures 

Salary of Secretary .' $ 8,894.08 

Clerical Supplies 5,568.81 

Salaries of Stenographers 9,067.55 

Multigraphing 124.65 

Supplies 1 ,564.53 

Printing and Stationery 7,084.58 

Postage 3,449.43 

Telephone and Telegraph 2,369.92 

Office Furniture and Equipment 1,494.78 

Traveling Expense of Secretary 923.13 

Traveling Expense of Chairman 301.84 

Expenses of Four-Minute Men Organization 8,873.88 

Traveling Expense of Patriotic Speakers 2,780.01 

Publicity, Publicity Agent, Salary and Expense 4,530.51 

Woman's Division, Missouri Council of Defense, Expenditures 

Reimbursed 7,339.67 

Food Conservation Literature 1,389.22 

Prize Essays and Historical Contest 342.59 

Farm Labor Survey 92.00 

Interest on Notes Discounted 3,027.63 



Estimated Unfinished Expenditures 

Printing Final Report $ 5,000.00 

Postage, Mailing Final Report 700.00 

Interest on Notes to May 31, 1919 1,666.66 



$69,218.81 



— 6,866.66 

$76,085.47 

ROBERT A. GLENN, F. B. MUMFORD, 

Acting Secretary. Chairman. 

WILLIAM H. LEE, 

Treasurer, 

Chairman Finance Committee, 

MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. 



One Hundred Nineteen 



MIS vS OUR I COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 



INDICE 

PAGE 

Agriculture and Food Production 13 

Aiding the Draft 47 

Americanization 97 

An Appreciation 27 

Chairmen of the County Councils of Defense 99 

Commercial Economy 81 

Elimination of Enemy Language and Influences 61 

Financial Statement 119 

Indice 121 

Instruction and Information Bulletins Ill 

Legal Committees 71 

Missouri Council of Defense 105 

Missouri Home Guard 55 

Non-War Construction 87 

Office Personnel II7 

Publicity 85 

Recruiting and Military Aid 51 

Report of the Missouri Council of Defense 1 

vSecretaries of County Councils of Defense 103 

Speaking Activities 65 

Special Activities 89 

The Missouri Council of Defense 3 

The Missouri Division of the United States Food Administration .... 29 

Transportation 79 

Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, Missouri Division . 75 



One Hundred Twenty-one 



